In, Africa and China the children have absolutely no say on whom they are going to marry. For African women activists, and womens organisations, these threats are magnified. Enjoy!Marriage is something that is highly valued in the Xhosa culture. It is therefore recommended that before any marriage engagement, the man and the woman should consider their suitability to the fulfilment of fundamental obligation of child bearing as concern for family sustenance. However, it is common to see some people taking part in all these forms of marriage. Thera Rasing Traditional modern and christian teachings in It is a given that it has come to stay going with the way gay pride parades and marches have been held around the world especially in countries where it has been legalised like the United Kingdom, the Netherlands to mention a few. Several studies have confirmed that. Throughout Africa, traditional or cultural marriages which provided the rich-ness of natural continuity of life are fast fading out due to the influx of the alien Western culture. Traditional counselling is a growing area of interest in African contemporary society, especially amongst members of the counselling profession. African Wedding Traditions Bringing the "West Africa family systems were severely repressed throughout the New World (Guttmann, 1976)". The escalating experiences of violence as force among married couples, call to question what it means to be husband and wife or whether marriage is merely an ideal so difficult to realize. The traditional values and beliefs of the African that stem from his culture include polygamy, belief in one supreme God as well as many other minor deities, love of children, music, dancing, respect for old age and authority, belief in a future life, marriage and funeral When she dies, there will be nobody of her own immediate blood to remember But our citizenship is in heaven. Having a wife then to create a family with her and providing for them, is a rite a passage for most African American males. 19, 1: 23-40. and expand our definitions and limits. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. What is interesting is that, even though Christianity is a religion that has been associated with equality and freedoms of every human soul, the status of women in relation to polygamy in the apostolic sects have topped the debate. Cambridge Development Initiative. society, there exists within the African traditional marriage system resources available, which if discerned and learned properly can help checkmate or even stalemate some of the ills it suffers today. Constructing the Meaning of Childlessness within the Luo Community of Western Kenya. Theres no substitute for traditional marriage for on its foundation other traditions rest. These values are best explained in African traditional marriages, family, clan, individual gifts and names, talents, cultural practices, arts and sculptures, dress, music and dance, folk stories amongst other traits peculiar to the African society. It could not be a wedding because wedding was not a Jewish Custom and tradition. Although different societies in Africa celebrate marriage differently given the diversity of belief systems, it can be generally stated that marriage manifests a union of love, joy and great intimacy. From tying the knot to jumping the broom, the traditions incorporated in African American weddings are often a mix of customs borrowed . The paper takes cognizance of the fact that men and women are both perpetrators and victims of gender based violence. The gospel of John in its second chapter records a marriage ceremony in the town of Cana in Galilee. 681 Koyiit zyiit / The Meaning of Marriage According to University Students: A Phenomenological Study adjustment to each other and relationship satisfaction. Marriage plays significant roles in the Igbo status system for the individuals and their family and relatives. Its important to put records right especially as most African rich traditions are branded demonic. This common occurrence usually brought about tremendous pain and grief to the slaves. Every country has their own way of marrying two people that want to spend the rest of their life together. It is observed that the failure of Kofi Ako and Anowa's marriage was as a result of disobedience to good counsel of parents and elders of the community. In various traditional African societies, the African woman possessed the power that binds the society together. In India among tribes of Tiyan, Toda, Kota, Khasa . I ntroduction: Human societies globally have from time immemorial held with great regard the celebration of marriage. These items show evidence of ownership and when accepted by brides father or his representative evidence transfer authority of ownership of the bride from the father to the husband. In modern times, the influence of the family over marriage has eroded, but many institutions of Shona marriage customs endure. The scenario presented in this passage depicts a traditional marriage ceremony. In practice, same sex marriage is argued from the viewpoint of being a human rights issue but this project work will try to sieve through the raging controversy which has greeted this debate from both moral, political and even from proponents of the traditional family institutions. The list of issues that defy a conclusive reasoning is non exhaustive especially within the context of the same sex marriage debate and they include - the socio-cultural and psychological disconnect that children are exposed to when their parents are gay or transgender, the ever evolving definition of a family unit, the inadequacy of the laws available to take care but largely vague in interpretation, who raises the children in a same sex marriage setting among others. If It's Your Money, I Will Pay and Go: Shifting and Contested Significance of Brideprice Payment among the Dagaaba of Northwest Ghana. Its customary gifts [and not a price for buying a bride] in appreciation of the gift of a bride. These approaches to marital . in life. The Daily Bread devotional booklet of October 6, 2005 said, Marriage not wedding was the real miracle. ("Traditional marriage is a bedrock institution of our communities, state, nation and society. God then enacted a rule, for this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife and they become one. This rule was for the man whom God through this event satisfied his loneliness. Its no surprised therefore that wedding is usually conducted after the couple had performed their traditional rites. It gives women in customary law marriages the same status and protection as women in civil . Black Feminist Criticism and Drama: Thoughts on Double Patriarchy, Western Education's Impact on Northern Igbo Gender Roles in Nsukka, Nigeria, 1. Get ideas to incorporate into yours. Are made up of smaller units called clan. Usually they bring kola nuts and palm wine to feast on. The bride price is negotiable but it is the role of the grooms family to persuade the betrothed his father to trim the items on the list. Marriage As A Conjugal Reality ~ From the Frontlines to the Sublime: Why Man & Woman? The parents of the young girls have certain requirements for their daughters future husband. In Africa, especially in Igbo land, marriage is the only known Customarily, in practically all these traditional African societies girls' bodies were also heavily decorated by women themselves in their society's signs and symbols. It includes norms and values of a society: their religion, politics, economics, technology, food habits, medicine, rules of marriage, the performing arts, law and so on. In a landmark ruling, the high court last year recognised that, in accordance with Nandi customary law on woman-to-woman marriages, Monica Jesang Katam could inherit her late wife's property . I was sadly mistaken with what I thought of this world when the topic of marriage was expressed., MARRIAGE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETY AND ITS RELEVANCE. The Igbo tribes seem to be very traditional, and it feels to be rather an odd thing to see in America, but very normal in other parts of the world such as Nigeria., perception that they want to sell their girls, however this is not the case. So, modern couples are usually raised in traditional society, but with a lot of influences from modern, often western, education, television, radio, and so on. Tel: 8328813929 (Cell). The slaves discouraged casual sexual relationships and placed a lot emphasis on marriage and stability. . Political philosophers have taken the organization of sex and reproduction to be essential to the health of the state, and moral philosophers have debated whether marriage has a special moral status and relation to the human good. As an example, there is no such thing as a "cousin" in Zimbabwean culture. (1977: 113) Marriage in the traditional patriarchal society of Africa is performed with great importance and dignity. As they witnessed their daughter and son make vows of marriage and enters into this Gods designed institution, they joyfully solicit Gods blessings on the new couple, wishing them growth and fruitfulness. Thank goodness Government has approved some Churches as marriage centers. The point is that this An Election Year Guide to Mitt Romneys Religion, Woman in Islam by Dr. Sherif Abdel Azeem, Ph.D. Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Girls' experiences of religious and cultural practices: Human rights violations, Macho Masculinity: A Snare in the Context of HIV among the Manyika of Zimbabwe, (Re)producing an elite. The wedding tradition came along with colonization and the inception of Christianity in Africa. Blessed be the God of all creation for being in the business of creating marriages as well as rebuilding and amending them. The African marriage is full of deep-rooted culture that cannot be wished away. Christian marriage is different from traditional marriage in Igbo nation. In each of these situations, African women are able to manipulate the existing system through woman-to-woman marriage in order to achieve higher social and economic status. A bstract: The celebration of marriage manifests a union of love, joy and great intimacy. Learn how your comment data is processed. Marriage in African Traditional Society UK Essays Our parents have done their turn; we must pass the baton. Research is revealing trends that Americans are . God created a woman for a man and brought her to him to name. contemporary society but maintain that these values be critically assessed, and those found to be inimical to the well-being and holistic development of the society, be discarded. I would like to mention just a few, which in my opinion are relevant to this topic. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. But in the name of Churchanity [not Christianity], most Africans appear to regard European wedding superior to our rich African traditional rites. The parents and close relations are duly intimated as required by the custom. It is not discriminatory. And through all the hardships they had placed on them, they developed strong emotional bonds and family ties. Instead, the women are told to go to court. ."); Talking Points on Traditional Marriage, CONCERNED WOMEN 4. It takes faith that requires belief in miracle to pledge ones life to another. Its customary gifts [and not a price for buying a bride] in appreciation of the gift of a bride. Among the Igbo marriage serves many different purposes other than unity between individuals and social status. According to Mbiti (1969 . She is given the task to find her groom in a crowd of guests while she greets them. See also Bonnie B. Keller, "Marriage by Elopement," African Social Research 27 (1979), 565-585. These three ceremonies involve fortune and time. Once she finds him, he takes a few sips of the wine, and they are married. In The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia (1867), Samuel Baker documents a steady slave trade from Abyssinia and Sudan to Egypt and the harbour towns of the Red Sea coast. At marriage, every African Christian couple, especially in mission-founded churches, is confronted with three worlds the world of the traditional culture to which most parents of marrying-age children belong; the world of the civil or Philosophers have also disputed the underlying moral and legal rationales for the structure of marriage, with implications for questions such as the content of its moral obligations and the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. Some go further to find out whether the intended couples parents are married and still living together; not ruling our class distinction. Alternation - Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, A Study of Rural Women Participation in Education for Development in Kaduna State of Nigeria, 1. According to the Pew Research Center (2010), traditional African religions are still prevalent in It can also be called a total separation (Collins English Dictionary, 2011). Chapter 3 investigated the Chapter 3 investigated the different reasons for divorce among the population. This article seeks to interrogate the practice of polygamy in the Johane Marange sect in the light of HIV and AIDS. My parents were together for 15 years before they divorced but before the split I was able to witness the idea of a family. BiAS Series, Kudzai Biri, Joachim Kuegler. These cultural values are laws, customs, and forms of behavior, regulations, rules, observances and taboos. Hg. In general, all ceremonies use the same principles. Our African Christians after performing marriage rites that the Europeans do not do are subjected to wedding that involves spending of fortune. The bride and the groom marry for further lineage of the groom's family. African society has been undergoing tremendous changes in every aspect of life including family structure and marriage. The Igbos take the wedding traditions series and the wedding is a celebration for everyone in the town. Africa culture is all about the ethnic groups family traditions, the literature, art and music shows the religion along with the social paths of their culture. As both a sacrament and covenant, marriage is traceable back to its origin, God, who is Love. It must be noted that the African society loves to have children. Your guess is as good as mine. TRADITIONAL ETHICS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF SOCIAL Rather than seeing marriage as the only possible option, we should embrace the various sorts of human relationships (e.g. Marriage takes many forms in Africa. Traditional marriage is a community affair. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. In African tradition, marriage was done after someone had gone through the adolescent stage where different When being married in the United states the man proposes or whatever the case is in the relationship, but in the Igbos relationship it is the family that plays part in the proposal. Some clergies use the text of this passage in exhortation during wedding ceremonies to an extent that many people mistaken the ceremony to a wedding instead of traditional marriage. (a) Outline six roles of diviners in Traditional African society. The Role of Folk Music in Traditional African Society: The Igbo Experience 306 marriage rites, post natal ceremonies and other domestic duties. In the traditional African society, older people were highly esteemed because of the important roles they played by helping to integrate the society, preserve its cultural values, transmit knowledge and skills, settle disputes and educate the young. in traditional Africa from a holistic perspective, with emphasis on how culture has impacted negatively on their well-being, although there are benefits derive from their status in society. Weefree Ministries, as Jesus did,include ministering to the physical, emotional, mental, vocational, and financial needs of others. The African marriage is an integral part of the whole African culture and was a rite of passage for every mature man and woman. This article investigates links between ilobolo (bridewealth) practices and marriage outcomes in contemporary Zulu society. Slaves weren 't allowed to marry, but they didn 't let that stop them, they created their own marriages. 5. Whether the bride and groom fall in love or someone makes the match, meeting involves The size of the clan could differ from one to the other. It was possible for betrothal to happen when a girl had not yet reached her change of pubescent to later be married and was considered a marriage contract and if not followed, there would be great consequences. If accepted, vows are made and covenant entered. In recent years, modern life, industry, Contra Bamikole, the paper argues that the capacity of the agba (elder) to manage conflict shrewdly in traditional Yoruba society was a combined function of the elders personality, proverbial Though these networks may not continue in their traditional form, extended family relationships are still very close and important to one's life. The thrust of this paper is therefore to rekindle in couples marital values; establish how they control human sexuality and therefore affect the family. African traditional marriage requires parent's consent and blessings. Most African Americans get married but chances of the marriage lasting are slim. the family, in most traditional and modern African societies, there was (is) a strict hierarchy of authority, according to which the males ruled and held responsibility for the females (Sofola 1977). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The Process of Marriage in African Societies: A Multiple Indicator Approach Created Date: 20160811045033Z However, they were successful in continuing the traditional African emphasis on the extended family. Introduction At marriage, every African Christian couple, especially in mission-founded churches, is confronted with three 'worlds' - the world of the traditional culture to which most parents of marrying-age children belong; the world of the civil or For them, "love" is ife, "to love" is iferan, and "I love you" is mo fe e.2 In the East African country of Kenya, the over 6 million Gikuyus express love reflexively, as in "to love one another," ngwendet n, rather than the sentiment Little wonder Mary felt so concerned when the marriage ran out of wine. C.N Nwadiokwu, 2E.S Nwadiokwu, 3E.N Favour, 4 It must be noted that the African society loves to have children. History Of Marriage Customs In Africa THE PLACE OF TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN AFRICAN CULTURE, Marriage not wedding was the real miracle. Unfortunately, as a result ofthemen being much older at the time of marriage, most women become widows, knowing that it is understood that they should never remarry again. It is trite to note that even where regulations exist to excuse or better still legalise this form of marriage, it is still not acceptable in major cultures and civilisation across the world and particularly in many African countries like Malawi, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Nigeria. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. African society, on the other hand, does not emphasize individual looks and lust as the primary motivation for marriage, but rather the basic focus is on building families and communities. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Africans should evolve reforms that promote our culture and reduce stress and cost that appears to debar most young people from entering into the institution. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. We should be reminded that we have it as our responsibility not only to uphold our tradition but also pass it to future generation. the Nation and Intellectual Leadership Crisis . This paper focuses on gender based violence to argue that not only does gender based violence in marriages risk the health and wellbeing of the couple, children and the society, but also threatens the realization of the essential properties of marriage. After this is over, the brides father hands the bride a wooden cup filled with palm wine. An analysis of the cultural aspects of the marriage in the Shona traditional religion in Zimbabwe, Religion Mariage and Family Values in Africa, Christianity, Marriage and Family Life in Esanland, Silences in marriage laws in Commonwealth Africa: Womens position in polygynous customary marriages, Lessons from Scripture for Maasai Christianity, Lessons from Maasai Culture for the Global Church. This portrayal of men and women does not end in the public sphere but is also found in the private sphere where men decide what is good for their partners in relation to safe sex. There are also other factors, such as, industrialisation, migration, inculturation, globalisation, information technology which have played a role in the changes of the African cultures. We missed a balanced understanding of the contradictions that this ambiguity presented. A value is that quality of a thing thought of as being more or less desirable, useful, estimable and important. single-parent families, gay couples, etc.) When the diviner pronounces the . The research will argue for and against same sex marriage but will touch on the salient fact that it is a movement that will come to be accepted over a period of time and get the needed attention it deserve but will ultimately attempt to address emerging trends in the same sex marriage debate. In African societies, the people see marriage as proof that a man is mature and is capable of taking care of the family he will build with his wife. A community has distinct beliefs, customs and cultural practices. - The more wives a man has, the more political alliances he makes. Despite this manifestation, marriage has been very often exposed to incidences of violence. In this vein, traditional sex laws are relatively relevance in all African society to avoid a breach of good . It argues that not only does gender based violence risk the health and wellbeing of the married couple, children and the society, but also its continuous 'coexistence' with marriage threatens the realization of the essential properties of marriage (unity and indissolubility). Religion informs everything in traditional African society, including political art, marriage, health, diet, dress, economics, and death. Bible in Africa Studies International Conference-UB.GABORONE,25-27 JULY,2012, LITURGICAL ASPECTS OF WEDDING CEREMONIES IN REFORMED CHURCHES OF AFRICAN ORIGIN, The Levirate Custom of Inheriting Widows among the Supyire People of Mali: Theological pointers for Christian marriageThe Levirate Custom of Inheriting Widows among the Supyire People of Mali: Theological pointers for Christian marriage, A Diet of Wives as the Lifestyle of the Vapostori Sects: The Polygamy Debate in the Face of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe, Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions Literary Analysis: A UNISA Dissertation, SSM 11: Natasha Erlank, "Missionary views on sexuality in Xhosaland in the nineteenth Century", New Evangelization For The Catholic Church And Local Cultures In Zimbabwe, Same-sex union articles in the Journal of Religion and Gender in Africa, A voluminous book on Redemptive masculinities in the era of HIV and AIDS, A woman should learn in quietness and full submission-1 Timothy 2:11, And the Two will become One Flesh (Mark 10:8): Domestic Violence as a Destabilising Force against the Institution of the Family in Zimbabwe, BiAS 17: The Bible and Children in Africa (edited by Lovemore TOGARASEI & Joachim KGLER), Could I Vote for a Mormon for President? The purpose of this research is to show that until and unless there is a paradigm shift on the beliefs, teachings and practices of apostolic sects in terms of a deeper HIV and AIDS awareness programmes targeting these sects, the Zimbabwean women will continue to suffer. 3. Second, the continued Eurocentric descriptions and characterization of the African traditional family as some what depraved lead to the use of such terms as bride price, avoidance social taboos, segregated relationships, lack of love and tenderness in African marriages and families. Enquires are instituted by both families concerning the behavior, character and most times religion of the families as well as marital status. The Role of Folk Music in Traditional African Society: The Igbo Experience 306 marriage rites, post natal ceremonies and other domestic duties. This paper is from Masculinities under Neoliberalism, edited by Andrea Cornwall, Frank G. Karioris & Nancy Lindisfarne, pp 165-182. Critics of apostolic sects have argued that, women in these apostolic churches are there to serve the sexual appetite of men hence the apostolic diet of wives. I pray African Christians to re-examine most European concept we give prime place while undermining our rich traditional culture. After the grooms family hands over the money and other prerequisites to the brides family, the wedding day is planned. Woman-to-woman marriage involves the following persons: 1) the female husband . African marriage traditions and customs pdf Some may take wedding traditions for granted, but the road to becoming newlyweds is one that's filled with poignant symbolism for many African American families. Nina Evason, 2017. If one may ask, would a European [or an American] subject himself to African traditional marriage rites after he has wedded? It is important to state that child bearing is fundamental to African marriage as it was the major crisis that brought this one to failure. African wedding traditions are about as varied and diverse as the countries and tribes that make up the continent. Ochieng, E. (2019). In related literature, this period is defined as the emergent adulthood stage and it is of critical importance to establish and maintain romantic relationships during this transition period (Arnett, 2000). It is indeed the African women by officially recognising all African customary marriages in South Africa. Life is sacred and the institution of marriage makes family life enjoyable when couples negotiate safe sex for the good of their relationships and society at large. Kavulavu, L & Mukhwana, D. (2021). Some people are only excited with Jesus first public miracle- the turning of water into wine and may not see the main miracle in the passage. In a traditional family the parents contracted the marriage. This paper looks at how African marriage and family have evolved as a result of direct contact with both Islam and Christianity. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Woman-to-woman marriage involves the following persons: 1) the female husband herself; 2) if the female husband is already married, her own husband (the female husband's husband); 3) the woman who is married by the female husband - the wife; and 4) the lover (s) of the wife who may father her children. The Role of the African Traditional Religion in the Promotion of Justice, Reconciliation and Peace in Africa in the Twenty-first Century: A Kenyan Experience . The African marriage is an integral part of the whole African culture and was a rite of passage for every mature man and woman. Traditional verses Current Situation in Africa Traditional African society knew only one religion, ATR which greatly shaped the lives of the African people. Experience from the drama shows that the family and community play a fundamental role in the success and stabilization of the marriage. 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African Christians to re-examine most European concept we give prime PLACE while undermining our rich culture...