Code, 2699, subd. Virtual & Washington, DC | February 26-28, 2023. California legislation enacted last year found that employers are experiencing a high volume of PAGA claims. }); if($('.container-footer').length > 1){
PAGA, California's Private Attorneys General Act of 2004, allows employees to sue their employers on behalf of themselves and other "aggrieved" employees to recover penalties for Labor Code violations. All Rights Reserved. (l)(2).). Learn how SHRM Certification can accelerate your career growth by earning a SHRM-CP or SHRM-SCP. Under PAGA, the penalty for an initial violation is $100 per pay period, while the penalty for a subsequent penalty doubles to $200 per pay period. It also remains unsettled as to whether PAGA penalties for multiple violations in a pay period can be added together, also known as stacking. For example, 50 employees who receive non-compliant wage statements (e.g., non-itemized deductions) and were not paid five hours of overtime per pay period (30 minutes of overtime per workday) over the course of a year (26 pay periods) may be able to claim penalties on the basis of potentially two separate violations per pay period: one violation for each non-itemized wage statement and one for unpaid overtime per pay period. (c).) That could be, for purposes of 203 penalties, the date of your last paycheck, or earlier. The employee must give 75% of the collected penalties to the Labor and Workforce Development Agency, and the remaining 25% is to be distributed among the employees affected by the violations. Many attorneys dont have the resources to conduct an independent analysis of a large production of time and wage records and agreeing to a smaller sample size may be the most practicable approach. Another wrinkle in the law is that penalties are assessed per paycheck, Sarchet explained. Background. If the answers to these questions are yes, or the general quality of the employee handbook is poor, you should give your per-workweek quantifier a boost. Civil penalties under PAGA can be eye-popping. Arya Rhodes is an attorney at Schimmel & Parks, APLC, a law firm focusing on employment law, consumer class actions, rehab facility wrongful death, sexual assault and harassment, fires, mass torts, construction defects, and insurance bad-faith litigation. Weve Received A PAGA Notice Now What?An Employers 10-Step Guide, the absence of class certification requirements, a series of statutes codified in Sections 2698 through 2699.6 of the California Labor Code, is limited to one year before the date of filing of the PAGA lawsuit. However, most of the penalties recovered in a PAGA lawsuit go to the State of California. This, each violation should get its own PAGA . What do the two, other than a shared moniker, have in common? Worse, the Labor Code doesn't need to cover a penalty stipulation, PAGA places fines on anything not covered. This information is provided as an educational service by Hoge Fenton. var currentLocation = getCookie("SHRM_Core_CurrentUser_LocationID");
Statutory penalties under the California Labor Code start at $50 for the first violation and rise to $100 for each subsequent violation. If a pattern and practice is found, penalties between . (Lab. PAGA Law. [SHRM members-only toolkit:Complying with California Wage Payment and Hours of Work Laws]. PAGA Penalties are Properly Assessed at One Hundred Dollars For Each Aggrieved Employee Per Pay Period Prior to the Filing of Lawsuit. Overturning the ruling of two lower courts, on July 15, 2021, the Court held in Ferra v.Loews Hollywood Hotel, LLC that meal and rest premiums must be paid at the "regular rate" not the base hourly rate. Thus, the civil penalties recoverable by plaintiffs (25%) and those recoverable by the LWDA (75%) could not be aggregated when calculating CAFA's amount in controversy. (Ibid.) Every subsequent violation carries a $200 penalty. PAGA penalties are calculated using a two-step process: Non-Compliant Wage Statements (e.g., non-itemized deductions) for 50 employees for one year (26 pay periods)3. PAGA penalties coupled with class action damages can create significant financial liability for an employer. Are employees allowed to leave the premises during meal and rest breaks? If you take the latter approach, the defense must use a consistent and uniform system that allows you to identify and match the time records for any given employee to the corresponding wage statements for that employee. The Esparza court affirmed the trial court's ruling striking the PAGA claim, because the LWDA notice was sent more than 1 year after the last alleged violation. This means $100 for a first offense and $200 for any subsequent violation on the same infraction. Note that the California Supreme Court recently held that the de minimis defense is not applicable to off-the-clock wage-and-hour claims. This also assumes that there were exactly 50 employees during each pay period during the one-year period. Attorney Advertising. The penalties under California law can add up quickly. Additionally, PAGA establishes a penalty of $250 per employee, per pay period in which a wage statement violation occurred, with no cap on the total PAGA penalties that might accrue. If putative class members have told you that employees were required to be on-call during their rest breaks, uptick the quantifier. There are only approximately 25 decisions, since PAGA's inception, where a court has analyzed PAGA penalties and given guidance . California attorneys told Please note that all such forms and policies should be reviewed by your legal counsel for compliance with applicable law, and should be modified to suit your organizations culture, industry, and practices. }
PAGA lawsuits have similarities and differences to wage and hour class action lawsuits, and plaintiffs may assert both: Prior to commencing a PAGA action, the employee must provide written notice to the Labor and Workforce Development Agency (LWDA) notifying the LWDA of the alleged violations in writing, a copy of which is also sent to the employer. The answer is yes. The Court justified its decision by illustrating there . For example, an employee who went on disability leave more than a year before the date of the PAGA lawsuit would not have worked within the past year that would serve as the basis for any meal and rest violations. If you do agree to a stay discovery at the defendants request, inform the mediator so that gaps in the record are weighed in your favor. The Labor Code allows you to cure two types of wage statement violations: (1) failure to include either the start or end date of the pay period (Cal. Section 226.3 provides a penalty of up to " [$250] for an initial citation and [$1,000] for a subsequent citation, for which the employer fails to provide the employee a wage deduction statement or fails to keep the records required in subdivision (a) of Section 226 " (emphasis added). A District Court in California ruled that civil penalties under the California Labor Code Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 ("PAGA") could be aggregated as class claims to meet the amount-in-controversy requirement for CAFA jurisdiction. Code, 2698 et seq. (Lab. This formula assumes that there is a wage statement violation each pay period throughout the one-year period. But the . Assess whether your client will make an adequate class representative. It also held that the subsequent violation rate applied to calculate PAGA penalties for dates after Sept. 26, 2015. temp_style.textContent = '.ms-rtestate-field > p:first-child.is-empty.d-none, .ms-rtestate-field > .fltter .is-empty.d-none, .ZWSC-cleaned.is-empty.d-none {display:block !important;}';
PAGA allows aggrieved employees to sue over alleged labor code violations on behalf of themselves and other employees and to step into the shoes of state regulators to recover civil penalties. As such, practitioners should review the applicable wage orders to assess whether additional penalties can be levied against the employer for violations extending beyond those enumerated in Labor Code section 2699.5. When determining the average number of violations per workweek, note that an employee can only collect one meal and one rest period penalty each shift, for a maximum of two premium payments per workday. If the defendant raises any privacy concerns with respect to the time and wage records, offer to stipulate to a protective order or suggest substituting any identifying information, like names and social security numbers, with generically assigned employee numbers. The defense has expressed an interest in resolving your wage-and-hour class and/or representative action. We used one year for purposes of this example. The penalty period for actions brought under the Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 (PAGA) is one year prior to the date of filing, plus 65 days for the PAGA notice period. California adopted a novel approach to enforcing the Labor Code of California when it enacted the Private Attorney General Act of 2004 ("PAGA") codified in Cal. Was this article useful? The number used for the quantifier depends on the overall strength of your case, which is governed by several factors. Thus, even if an employer issues premiums for meal-period violations, you can still assess PAGA penalties for the violation of Labor Code section 512. In 2019, California collected over $88 million in PAGA penalties from employers. Moreover, for such claims: Taking the same example (50 employees who did not receive compliant wage statements and were not paid 30 minutes of overtime per workday who were each paid $25 per hour) and assuming these violations occurred over the course of four years, the class action liability could be $1,102,500: Combining the class damages with the stacked PAGA claims of $260,000, the potential liability exposure is now $1,362,500. Many defendants interpret the Amaral decision narrowly to stand for the position that subsequent violations do not trigger until a court or the Labor Commissioner gives notice of the violation to the employer. The second installment explored therules for electronic pay stubs. These penalties are assessed on a per-employee basisup to a maximum of $4,000 for each employee who receives inaccurate pay stubs. PAGA Overview. Accordingly, each predicate . You must also give nonexempt employees an opportunity to take a 10-minute . PAGA penalties are assessed per pay period for each violation of any code section enumerated in Labor Code section 2699.5. Yes. On Friday, Michael Gray of Jones Day painstakingly questioned David Breshears about how he came to that conclusion, asking him about differences between his deposition testimony and earlier reports, and questioning if any court had ever actually confirmed that his method of calculating PAGA penalties was valid. Have you ever paid a meal or rest period premium. Do you automatically deduct time for a meal period? Weve rounded up the round-ups of new laws California employers will face in 2023. Talk to your client to find out everything he or she recalls about the workplace conditions and to assess which Labor Code violations were most prevalent. Code, 218.6; Civ. Luckily, there is a 10-step process you can take if you receive such a notice to put your organization in the best possible position. An employee may seek civil penalties under PAGA on behalf of themselves and other current or former employees so long as they have suffered at least one alleged Labor Code violation. KChkBLViG3>%G!RKW(!9El17S*B2 xPD. As such, you should demand production of all employee handbooks and standalone policies regarding timekeeping, meal and rest breaks, payroll practices, overtime compensation, and expense reimbursements that were in effect at any time during the applicable damages period. Code, 1194.2.). $('.container-footer').first().hide();
& Prof. Code, 17200, et seq. For example, use of an employers unexpired fictitious business name that is properly recorded in California has recently been validated. Before filing a PAGA lawsuit, an employee must first file a written notice of the alleged Labor Code violations, both online with . Waiting time penalties: (Total number of employees who were terminated or quit during the three-year period) x (30 x average hourly rate x average number of hours worked per work day). Because separate penalties may be assessed for each Labor Code violation in the same pay period for the same underlying violation, the PAGA penalty exposure for the client can grow exponentially. When California employers fail to accurately provide certain details on pay stubs, they might incur steep fines under state law. The Schiller court wrote: Use an expert or staff member to go through the wage statements to determine if the employees were properly paid for all overtime and double-time. Additional factors in assessing the quantifier include the likelihood of success on class certification and the outcome of any depositions taken prior to mediation. Legal precedent has established that PAGA provides a "civil penalty." This means that employees can recover both the statutory penalty associated with the Labor Code provision at issue, as well as civil penalties under PAGA, thereby creating a stacking of penalties against the employer. Members may download one copy of our sample forms and templates for your personal use within your organization. Calculating PAGA penalties. (e)(2). The penalties under PAGA can add up very quickly. SHRM offers thousands of tools, templates and other exclusive member benefits, including compliance updates, sample policies, HR expert advice, education discounts, a growing online member community and much more. In this case, the penalty calculation could be: As evidenced by this example, PAGA penalties can quickly accumulate. Code 2698, et seq. He can be reached at arhodes@spattorneys.com. Please purchase a SHRM membership before saving bookmarks. hbbd``b`j@1` ,DF-HO L[@+ N
The Labor Code Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA) authorizes aggrieved employees to file lawsuits to recover civil penalties on behalf of themselves, other employees, and the State of California for Labor Code violations.Those who intend to pursue PAGA cases must follow the requirements specified in Labor Code Sections 2698 - 2699.5. Every subsequent violation carries a $200 penalty. 45 0 obj
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Mr. Rhodes has successfully represented thousands of employees individually and on a class-wide basis in actions arising out of the FEHA and Labor Code. The PAGA does not create a private right of action to directly enforce a wage order but PAGA actions can serve to indirectly enforce certain wage order provisions by enforcing statutes that require compliance with wage orders. (Thurman, supra, 203 Cal.App.4th, at p. You must also file a notice of the cure that includes a description of actions taken with the LWDA ( 2699.3(c)(2)(A)). $(document).ready(function () {
In any action brought for the nonpayment of wages, the court shall award interest on all due and unpaid wages, at a rate of 10 percent per annum. The most streamlined approach to calculating class-wide damages is to multiply the total number of workweeks during the applicable damages period by a reasonable quantifier. He used the correct statute of limitations date of October 4, 2015, and multiplied each instance of a termination by $ 250. Although PAGA penalties are subject to a relatively favorable one-year statute of limitations, they can be significant, particularly for large employers, as penalties may be assessed per employee and per pay period for each Labor Code violation or wage order violation not otherwise covered by a Labor Code provision. Labor Code section 226 (e) (1) provides that an employee who suffers injury as a result of a knowing and intentional failure to comply with subdivision (a) is liable for up to $4,000 plus costs and reasonable attorney's fees. Dont forget to check for second meal periods which must be provided for shifts that are over 10 hours! 3. PAGA applies to all employers regardless of size. In simpler terms, PAGA confers a private right of action to individuals to prosecute Labor Code violations. For example, if an employer didn't provide a worker with a meal break, the employer would have to pay a penalty to the employee for the missed break and would also face a fine for failing to report the meal-break penalty on the pay stub. (Lab. This includes causes for unpaid minimum and overtime wages in addition to any unpaid premiums for meal/rest break violations. While reviewing the timesheets, ask yourself if the records evince other unlawful wage-and-hour practices. In addition to penalties for labor code violations, employers may face fines under California's Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA). 1) Determine the number of Labor Code violations within the statutory period. If you agree to a smaller sampling of records, you might consider stipulating that neither side will challenge the representative nature of the sample size used at mediation. (Dunk v. Ford Motor Co. (1996) 48 Cal.App.4th 1794, 1800; Lab. The employee can also seek penalties under PAGA for Labor Code violations that do not carry their own penalties. Code, 226.7, subd. $100/ penalty for subsequent violations x 35/aggrieved former and current employees x 25/subsequent pay periods = $87,500. First, review the time records for meal-break violations, i.e., short, late, or missed meal breaks, and compare them with the corresponding wage statements for payment of meal-break premiums. Gain the intel you need now to successfully anticipate and navigate employment laws, stay compliant and mitigate legal risks. }
Special considerations regarding PAGA penalties. The purpose is to provide workers with enough information to verify that they are being properly paid, according to the state Division of Labor Standards Enforcement. Have you strictly complied with requirements if adopting an alternative workweek schedule? Are there any facially unlawful policies? (a)(1)-(2).) If you dont have the resources to go through all the records, do a spot check for unpaid wages and analyze whether any information required under Labor Code section 226, subdivision (a) is missing from the wage statement exemplars. If an employer receives a letter notifying the business about potential violations, the employer should consult counsel right away, Ahearn said. These penalties are assessed per employee, per pay period, so they can quickly snowball. PAGA incentivizes this type of lawsuit by authorizing the aggrieved employee to keep 25 percent of any civil penalties collected, while 75 percent goes to the state (Cal. Youve agreed on a mediator and set the date for mediation. Uber Technologies, Inc. (N.D. Cal. It is worth noting that the time period for which penalties can be assessed is limited to one year before the date of filing of the PAGA lawsuit, not the date of the PAGA notice. Mr. Rhodes completed his fellowship with the Los Angeles Chapter of the American Board of Trial Advocates, and he graduated magna cum laude from Southwestern Law School. Cal. Cal. 2023 This article addresses these issues and discusses different approaches to creating a damages model that can optimize your success at mediation. Bucking the trend of unrelentingly bad news for employers in the state, the California Court of Appeal has held that the default (lower) penalties found in the Labor Code Private Attorneys General Act ("PAGA") and not the heightened penalties set forth in Labor Code section 226.3 ("Section 226.3") apply to a run-of-the-mill PAGA claim involving ; PAGA),1 which sought civil penalties on behalf of herself and other "aggrieved employees" for Labor Code violations.2 In this appeal, we are 1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Labor Code. (The terms injury and knowing and intentional failure are further defined in section 226 (e) (2)). Send a letter to the defense outlining the documents, data and/or additional materials you need as soon as the mediation discussion begins. Code, 203.) (a)(1)-(2).) Finally, the Court of Appeal also decided in the same case that the hotel's rounding practice was lawful. 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