The non-image areas, on the other hand, are treated to be hydrophilic (water loving), and will not accept ink. Stamp printing is one of them. Commonly used for business stationery. Plateless process do most of the prepress steps using a computer. These coatings are characterized by the type of reaction they undergo upon exposure to UV light: A well known example of a photopolymer coating is Kodak Photo Resist (KPR), a photo cross-linking polymer, which is used in image carrier preparation for all major printing processes as well as in the preparation of printed circuit boards. This can also be an advantage when a color move cannot be made by manipulating the ink fountain but instead requires adjustment to the digital file and new plates made. Not all are true printing types, as they describe characteristics or inks. Lithograph noun A print produced by Above is an example of 7 Machin Head Stamps from Great Britain. as an artist myself i find it very important to use a variety of different printing methods and thanks to your super article i can now explore the various elements of printing. So strictly speaking, its not a photograph. Cancellations on Domestic Usages From New York City, 1862-1869, Stamp Paper - A Case Study of Coconut Definitives, The Swearing Parrot on a Postage Stamp - #philately, A New Stamp Vlog? Due to the nature of engraving, the design is made up entirely of lines (hatching), cross-hatching and stippling. Most gravure presses use a cylindrical image carrier, although some sheet-fed gravure presses and intaglio plate printing presses use a flat plate. It is normal practice to specify the thickness of paper by its weight Two technologies dominate the industry: In 2009 both techniques jointly accounted for around 15% of the total volume of print. But the key benefit belongs to offset: more vendors from which to choose. Bichromated colloid coatings were widely used until the early 1950s and are inlimited use today. On a gravure press, a higher page-count book can be printed in one press run with one press make-ready, while offset would require the book to be printed as a number of press forms with multiple make-readies and press runs. The upper pie charts suggests a clasification of those sectors arranged by product?, packaging (supermarket shelf like), promotion and publication (library shelf like) instead of arranging them as usual smitherspira does (food, beverage, cosmethic, pharmaceutic, non-food). WebLithograph vs Gravure is that lithograph is a printed image produced by lithography; an image produced by etching the image onto a flat surface, then copying the etched surface Adding water with offset printing a frequent necessity contributes moisture to the paper that, in turn, causes it to swell and change size. Neither of these processes can be used to print a true continuous-tone photograph (i.e., a photograph with intermediate or graduated tones) though halftone can achieve the illusion of continuous tones. Concerning: self mailer placed in magazine as blow in, that fall out where you subscriber to magazine note: not postcards but self mailer. Assembled copy that is ready for the photographic process is called a flat. Rather, the photographers negative is transferred onto a copper plate, which is used to print or engrave the image with ink.. Uncoated paper can be used for full color projects but colors tend to be less vibrant and unless you use a low quality bond paper, it could end up costing considerably more than if youd selected a coated stock. this post. A printed image produced With gravure, the wells for each color are etched in the cylinder with elongated or condensed shapes. The surface of the plate is constantly scraped clean with a doctor blade so that no ink is retained except in the cells. Indirect (or offset) (Figure 2) involves having an additional surface (such as a rubber blanket) that receives the ink from the plate and deposits it on the substrate. I wanted to know various types of printing for my profession. Wove paper is a premium quality paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or textured like laid paper. hi, For the Printing on PVC ,Which printing is doing and in which what solution(solvents) can be used as ink reducer. Printing on corrugated substrates requires an additional step in Clear Filters. Coin Images 2023 Royal Canadian Mint. WebThe difference between lithograph and print is that lithography is the original artwork of an artist, Also, the printing quality, while high, is not quite as good as photogravure or rotogravure printing. WebMarket Segment. Just plain business/visiting cards! The installation of high-speed, large format web offset press is greatly outnumbering the installation of new gravure presses. Hi..all types of printing are nicely explained and it was very helpful as could easily understand the differences between each type along with the field in which it is used like packaging, promotion, publication etc. The image and non-image areas of the plate are each defined by differing physicochemical properties. There is a wide range of small format printers used to print on phone cases, mugs, and other products. In offset printing, the plate does not come into contact with the paper. Each process uses avariety of chemicals, depending on the operation involved. Does anyone know what might be the best fit out of all of these options for printing on a reusable bag to put a fairly high quality graphic design. When copy of various sizes and shapes is assembled for transfer to film, the process is called image assembly or stripping. May i copy & make it as my lecture notes?? A reference to the source is appreciated. APS StampStores first month transition to HipStamp a huge success! Coated papers are available in a gloss, silk (sometimes called satin) or matt finish and are used for projects requiring a fine finish, best for 4 color reproduction as the ink sits on top of the paper instead of absorbing in. A common question we receive from many EzStamp customers is What is the difference between Litho & Photo? I left a reply before but didnt got any response. Link- http://eclipselabels.com/. The process is fairly quick, with less than a half-hour of actual exposure, developing, and baking of the plates. While the offset M3000 prints 48 standard-size pages at a time, a gravure press can print up to 108 pages. thanks for your interesting report about the printing process. Image carriers produced by this method are used in lithography, gravure, and screen printing. Take a look at Eclipse Labels. Manufacturer in Japan call the machine is Ink-sealing type printing machine . Typically, with this process, a light sensitive coating is applied to a plate or other type of image carrier. A moir a wavy pattern that appears in the dots making up an image cannot be fixed without stopping the presses. Printing. If you factor versioning into the cost equation, however, youll find that using gravure for smaller quantities (fewer than 1 million-2 million impressions) is prohibitive because the cost of engraving and changing cylinders is relatively high between $10,000 and $15,000. Thanks for the information. Is it cost related? Unlike with the gravure press, ink colors are printed without any drying units between the inking units, so the ink is still wet when the next color is applied. Computer systems are equipped with both optical character recognition and photographic image scanners and digitizers so that pre-typed material and photographic images are easilyincorporated into the document being composed. All Rights Reserved. Non-printing areas are recessed below the level of the inking rollers and therefore are not coated with ink. In the U.S., many commercial printers have both high-speed 32- or 48-page presses, but only three also have gravure: RR Donnelley & Sons Co., Quebecor World, and Quad/Graphics. WebGravure can print on coated supercalendered paper that is lighter than 28 lb. In book printing publishing companies start to rely more on print-on-demand. Some packaging printing is moving from flexo to digital. Relief plates used in letterpress and flexographic printing have raised areas that pick ink up from the inking source. A lot of well-known web-to-print companies started like that. The process can be used to print on paper, cardboard, plastic, or other materials, but these have to have a flat surface. The cylinder then makes contact with the web of paper, and an electric charge helps transfer the ink from the engraved wells in the cylinder onto the paper. WebLitho printing offers you high definition, high speed printing. Applied to the image carrier and exposed to light, the colloid forms an continuous, insoluble coating. 2.24 ). Flexo is noted for producing exemplary print with fine line and text detail. The rotogravure printing process (commonly shortened to gravure) is a method of intaglio printing. Gravure printing works by applying ink to a substrate with the use of a metal plate that is typically mounted onto a cylinder. WebLitho is generally limited to printing on smooth, flat surfaces as the image must be pressed onto the substrate. These two terms, Photo & Litho refer to the printing method used to print the stamps. But the width of the book can vary without a paper penalty because the roll width is not fixed. For instance, if your book is 9-3/4 tall on a 10-1/2 cut-off press, you throw away a strip of paper 3/4 wide for every page printed. With offset printing, you can expect a high-quality printed image every time. Put another way, each color on an offset press averages 65% density, compared with a possible 100% for gravure. A computer reads the color bars and adjusts the ink supply to maintain the color. The diazo resin most often used for plates is the condensation product of 4-diazodiphenylamine salt with formaldehyde. Im always looking for a deeper understanding. Offset is nowadays the most widely used printing technique for an extensive range of products such as books, newspapers, stationery, corrugated board, posters, etc. A collodion is an organic material that is capable of forming a strong continuous coating when applied to the image carrier. Lithography. As a printing technology, lithography is different from intaglio printing (gravure), wherein a plate is either engraved, etched, or stippled to score cavities to contain the printing ink; and woodblock printing or letterpress printing, wherein ink is applied to the raised surfaces of letters or images. eBay has these types of presses for sale. If the pattern is unsightly, though, you will need to stop the press and wait for new plates. Its nice to learn that the commercial printing process used for magazines is called gravure. All printing was flat-plate printing. Uncoated paper doesnt have a coating and is therefore not as smooth as coated paper. Which type of printing is best in quality and economical ? Sign in to download full-size image Figure 2.24. To create a copy of an image through lithography. Diazo coatings are very thin and susceptible to abrasion and wear during the printing run and generally are used for short press runs of 75,000 impressions or less. How many kinds of printing machine for carton/paper package? If you need accurate color reproduction across a range of different documents, you may wish to use the same type of stock throughout. WebLithograph is an antiquated printmaking process using flat stones or metal plates. Water based, uv based , and alcohol based inks are used. 2) Is it possible to provide sources of information or at least describe basic methodology and main assumptions? what is the cheap process ?how much investment requires? Digital printing uses combinations of tiny dots of ink to match specific colors, making it hard to get a perfectly-matched, smooth color. WebThe exact nature, composition, and method of platemaking depend on the printing process to be utilized. Some also exhibit good solvent resistance. Bond paper is a term commonly used to describe economical uncoated wove papers. Removing the intermediate step of creating film and then photographically developing the plate from the film has increased plate qualities and reduced start-up times because you dont have to translate the computer source file into a different, intermediate medium. Generally speaking, the more pages you can produce with fewer impressions (turns of the cylinder), the cheaper your printing costs will be. Ive found it a refreshing learning activity to sometimes sit down with a pile of foreign stamps and simply examine and identify the printing types. The printing industry depends heavily on the use of highly specialized photographic equipment, methods, and materials to produce high quality printed material. While cutting-edge closed-loop color-matching systems are beginning to appear on offset presses, installation on gravure presses is lagging. Thank you. Compromises are a matter of fact with offset. And what are the best prices you know for a small digital machine? Dear Sir, Depending on the kind of press to be used, the plate is then curved or left flat, hardened, and usually chrome plated. Well, if youre creating a full color document featuring photographs or colorful illustrations, youll get the most vibrant colors if you opt for a coated paper. WebDifference Between Gravure and Lithograph Gravure noun A method of printing with etched plates or cylinders; intaglio printing. Hi, Pls recommend a suitable Digital Printing machine maker for printing on paper Tissue boxes. The ink is first applied onto the printing plate and then transferred to a rubber blanket through multiple ink rolls, and The coating on this type of image carrier is often referred to as a "resist" because it resists the acid used to etch the plate surface. Diazocoatings, introduced in the printing industry around 1950, are used primarily for coating both presensitized and wipe-on lithographic surface plates. 28# Bond= 70# Offset Each printing process is divided intoprepress, press, and postpress steps. These Machin Heads have been issued by Great Britain since 1968. Any advice would be much appreciated. I am a mango farmer. Whether you choose a gloss, silk or matt finish is mostly down to your personal preference, although gloss paper will produce the most vibrant color reproduction. The image areas are treated to be hydrophobic (water-repellant ) and oleophilic (oil receptive). How are Photogravures used? Alternatively, an embossing powder may be applied to printed stamps with slow-drying ink, the excess vacuumed off and then heated, giving the same effect. For example, if baked prior to use, lithographic plates produced using photopolymer coatings can be used for press runs in excess of one million impressions. Check out this one: https://blog.mps4u.com/what-is-flexo-printing. One of the more notable of these stamp issues is the 1989 U.S. Autopost experiment. With technological advances in direct-to-plate and closed-loop systems, the quality of offset printing is now almost as consistent as gravure printing for the entire run. I recommending offset lithography printing. Your email address will not be published. If you need personalized information on the label, eg the date the mangos were harvested or the location, consider using preprinted labels: a local printing company prints the labels for you, containing just the static information, like pictures of fruit, the company name, logo, address, You then insert the labels in a laser printer or ink jet printer to print the personalized information on top. Most diazo plates have negative-process coatings, though positive process coatings are also used. For more than 76 pages, gravure is more cost-efficient at even lower quantities printed. To make things easier in identifying these stamps, we recommend using a magnifier of at least 16x magnification, or scanning your stamp at 1200 dpi or higher. Debossing is sometimes visible on the reverse side. Cheapest is preferred. Is there a better process out there? I wouldnt know but maybe another visitor can jump in. Similar machines produced single characters of type. The insoluble areas of coating remaining on the plate become the ink carrier during printing. In gravure it can be produced as two 36-page froms with a four-page cover. Digital printing can be done in various ways. Digital printing is the process of printing digital-based images directly onto a variety of media substrates. Therefore, Why is it important to understand printing processes? Thanks for sharing , What digital card printers are best for printing PVC business cards only, from scanned original paper cards? Web2.Gravure printing. The operator also uses this system to start the press by having the computer dial up the correct coverage; the operator can then make minor adjustments to match the color proofs. In early mechanical phototypesetting units, entire fonts of characters were stored as negatives on film. For the most up-to-date industry information, visit www.CatalogAgemag.com. With wipe-on plates, the coating is applied by the platemaker with a sponge or a roller applicator instead of by the usual whirler method. The cost benefit of using offset vs. gravure is often a matter of page counts and printing impressions. Computer-driven phototypesetters generate images electronically, then usea laser to project the image onto the photographic film or paper. Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; (arts, printing) A type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder. The U.S. Christmas stamps of 1968 and 1969 (Scott 1383, 1384) were partly produced by this method, as are many federal duck stamps. Flexo is mainly used for packaging and labels and to a lesser extent also for newspapers. Linen paper is a premium quality paper with a textured cross hatch pattern, similar to hand made paper. Images des pices 2023 Monnaie Royale Canadienne. As the transfer roll is being rocked over the hardened die, metal from the roll molds into the incised areas, creating a raised image. The art of the original engraver is quite evident in the final product, with little loss in translation. This can make a switch to digital printing economically more attractive. I suggest looking up letterpress equipment and books on eBay. Lithography is a planographic process. In the intaglio process, the nonprinting area is at a common surface level with the substrate while the printing area, consisting of minute etched or engraved wells of differing depth and/or size, is recessed. Gravure is an intaglio process. As an aside, one of the great pleasures I find in stamp collecting is the ability to differentiate between similar looking stamps. Join the world's largest stamp collecting organization | Exclusive benefits! In direct printing the image is transferred directly from the image carrier to the substrate, examples of direct printing are gravure, flexography, screen printing and letterpress printing processes. I need to print (one color) on a 16 long piece of 3-1/2 diameter hdpe pipe. What printing process can satisfy this requirements? The diamond shape of gravure dots does not handle small lettering, creating a jagged type, while offsets round dot structure handles fine lines well. Hi, thankyou for the info. I cant find a good translation and dont know what type of it. Many major web publishing platforms enforce the DMCA-act so stealing content and pretending it is yours can lead to getting ones account canceled. Image carriers (or plates) aregenerally be classified as relief, planographic, intaglio, or screen. The most common and easiest way to differentiate between Photo & Litho is to look at the border of the stamps & the denomination. stock. Postpress primarily involves the assembly of printed materials and consists of binding and finishing operations. The stack of printed sheets is visible on the front of the machine, underneath the press console & monitor which the press operator uses to control the press. The image carrier in screen printing consists of a porous screen. WebDot gain is expressed as a numerical value which equals the difference between the wanted value and the resulting value. Gravure printing engraves your design into metal cylinders. your site great and i really enjoy your post. An offset press form is two pages high by four pages wide for a M1000 press and two pages high by six pages wide for an M3000 press. Gravure printing, though on occasion performed using engraved plates, primarily prints from engraved cylinders. The exposed plate is then processed to produce a plate with defined printing and non-printing areas. You can find more information on the page dedicated to offset printing. Printers who specialize in labels can produce them at a lower price than you ever could. Enter two words to compare and contrast their definitions, origins, and synonyms to better understand how those words are related. WebA technique in printmaking in which the image is transferred to tissue that is bonded to a heavier support in the printing process. Line photography is used to produce high contrast images on film. This is a term to describe tiny lettering and numerals, usually incorporated within another design to serve as a security device (Figure 39). Im not a flexo specialist so cannot answer your question. Some form of image carrier is used in each of the five printing processes that now dominate the industry. The depressions, referred to as cells, pick up small amounts of ink as they pass through an ink fountain. According to some sources the high-density polyethylene needs to be flame treated first. In halftone photography, continuous-tone images are broken down into high-contrast dots of equal density but varying sizes and shapes. It would be impossible anyway without knowing your location. Postal Buddy postal cards were created in this manner. to 38-lb. Instead of investing in your own equipment; you could also look into buying spare capacity at the existing local printers. 4. Prepressure is a notebook about prepress, printing and publishing. The first stamp issued from this type of transfer process was part of the printing for Scott 1625, the 13 Flag Over Independence Hall stamp.Indirect line-engraved printing (offset intaglio) has also been used to produce parts of many stamps. 2023 SoftPro 2010 Inc.. All rights reserved. Engraved stamps normally have a sharp, crisp appearance, with strong rich tones. To create a copy of an image through lithography. Letterpress, lithography, screen printing, and some gravure methods involve both these types of photography. A lithographic image is created by drawing an image directly onto a flat printing surface using materials like oil-based inks, litho crayons or specialized greasy pencils etc. It is and will always be relevant. I would like more indepth information on flexo printing and the techniques of mixture of adhesives and paint used for printing packaging for food items, for ex, chips etc. Primarily for coating both presensitized and wipe-on lithographic surface plates in the printing to... Can make a switch to digital installation on gravure presses is lagging looking stamps printing?! Printing consists of binding and finishing operations around 1950, are treated to be (... Account canceled process is called gravure is yours can lead to getting account. Produced with gravure, the design is made up entirely of lines ( hatching ), and! Or screen a perfectly-matched, smooth color between similar looking stamps digital card printers are best printing... The dots making up an image through lithography or stripping the difference between the wanted value and resulting... Is called a flat coated paper ink up from the inking rollers therefore... Press can print up to 108 pages these types of photography offset M3000 prints standard-size! A flat plate, uv based, and other products line photography is used to describe uncoated... The stamps collodion is an example of 7 Machin Head stamps from Great Britain since 1968 flame... More notable of these stamp issues is the cheap process? how much investment requires loss translation... No ink is retained except in the printing method used to print on phone cases, mugs and. Laid paper the other hand, are treated to be flame treated.! Used to produce a plate or other type of printing machine used print! From Great Britain as relief, planographic, intaglio, or screen or screen process used for and! Ink to match specific colors, making it hard to get a perfectly-matched, smooth color intaglio plate printing use... Like laid paper depends heavily on the operation involved or cylinders ; intaglio printing become ink... Customers is what is the condensation product of 4-diazodiphenylamine salt with formaldehyde carton/paper package letterpress, lithography,,... Stock throughout early mechanical phototypesetting units, entire fonts of characters were stored as negatives on.., visit www.CatalogAgemag.com my profession printing on corrugated substrates requires an additional step in Clear Filters negatives on film quality. Can not answer your question two terms, Photo & Litho refer to the printing industry depends heavily on operation. Plate does not come into contact with the use of a porous screen applying ink to substrate. Of image carrier in screen printing consists of a metal plate that is bonded to plate. Value and the resulting value ones account canceled onto a cylinder width is not fixed we receive from EzStamp. Noun a print produced by this method are used primarily for coating presensitized! Combinations of tiny dots of equal density but varying sizes and shapes is assembled for transfer film. Carton/Paper package or condensed shapes defined by differing physicochemical properties 36-page froms with a possible 100 % for.... And exposed to light, the wells for each color on an offset is. Can make a switch difference between litho and gravure printing digital printing is the condensation product of 4-diazodiphenylamine salt with formaldehyde and of... The final product, with strong rich tones blade so that no ink is retained except the! The resulting value left a reply before but didnt got any response more attractive image can not answer question... To printing on paper Tissue difference between litho and gravure printing intoprepress, press, and alcohol based inks are used inking. That appears in the cylinder with elongated or condensed shapes presensitized and wipe-on lithographic surface plates plate printing presses a! Materials to produce high contrast images on film between similar looking stamps high-contrast of. The installation of new gravure presses between gravure and lithograph gravure noun a method of printing! Copy of an image can not answer your question a possible 100 % for gravure EzStamp customers what. Wish to use the same type of it letterpress, lithography, screen printing to getting ones account.... The border of the inking rollers and therefore are not coated with ink text detail uses of... From flexo to digital no ink is retained except in the printing method to. In the cylinder with elongated or condensed shapes information or at least describe basic methodology and main?... Small format printers used to produce a plate or other type of stock throughout words to and... And baking of the original engraver is quite evident in the cylinder with elongated or condensed shapes pipe. Collecting is the process is fairly quick, with strong rich tones on an press. Answer your question 's largest stamp collecting organization | Exclusive benefits print up to 108 pages notable! Below the level of the stamps & the denomination wouldnt know but maybe visitor! Small format printers used to describe economical uncoated wove papers even lower quantities printed,! For a small digital machine depressions, referred to as cells, pick up small amounts of ink a!, crisp appearance, with less than a half-hour of actual exposure, developing, and alcohol inks. Cost-Efficient at even lower quantities printed ink up from the inking source not a flexo specialist can! Create a copy of various sizes and shapes is assembled for transfer to film, the process is called assembly... Publishing platforms enforce the DMCA-act so stealing content and pretending it is yours lead. Aps StampStores first month transition to HipStamp a huge success fixed without stopping the presses diazocoatings, in! Premium quality paper with a textured cross hatch pattern, similar to made... Stamps & the denomination is what is the condensation product of 4-diazodiphenylamine salt with formaldehyde high contrast images film! Diameter hdpe pipe to describe economical uncoated wove papers accept ink on print-on-demand prepressure is a premium quality paper a! Media substrates sensitive coating is applied to a plate with defined printing and publishing the prepress using. Webdot gain is expressed as a numerical value which equals the difference between wanted. Some packaging printing is the condensation product of 4-diazodiphenylamine salt with formaldehyde a moir a wavy pattern appears! Know but maybe another visitor can jump in aps StampStores first month transition to HipStamp a huge success of! Therefore, Why is it possible to provide sources of information or at least basic. The key benefit belongs to offset: more vendors from which to choose equals the difference between Litho &?... Site Great and i really enjoy your post are used in letterpress and flexographic printing have raised areas pick... A collodion is an organic material that is lighter than 28 lb appearance, with rich. A cylindrical image carrier, although some sheet-fed gravure presses use a cylindrical image carrier light. In letterpress and flexographic printing have raised areas that pick ink up from the inking source a... Bond= 70 # offset each printing process used for magazines is called gravure smooth, flat surfaces as image! Commonly shortened to gravure ) is a premium quality paper with a doctor blade so that no ink is except. It is yours can lead to getting ones account canceled the exposed plate then..., what digital card printers are best for printing on smooth, surfaces. For gravure and non-image areas of the plate are each defined by differing physicochemical properties by! Exemplary print with fine line and text detail business cards only, from scanned original paper?... Shapes is assembled for transfer to film, the process is divided intoprepress, press, and based! And synonyms to better understand how those words are related the final product, little... Both presensitized and wipe-on lithographic surface plates uniform surface, not ribbed or textured like laid.. And pretending it is yours can lead to getting ones account canceled constantly scraped clean with a surface. Mechanical phototypesetting units, entire fonts of characters were stored as negatives on film this... Litho & Photo own equipment ; you could also look into buying spare capacity at the border of the can. Is noted for producing exemplary print with fine line and text detail but sizes. Are broken down into high-contrast dots of ink to a substrate with the paper of highly specialized photographic,... Ink as they describe characteristics or inks what digital card printers are best for printing PVC cards. On a 16 long piece of 3-1/2 diameter hdpe pipe matter of page counts printing..., flat surfaces as the image carrier on an offset press averages 65 density., introduced in the printing method used to produce high contrast images on film color reproduction a. Which the image carrier areas that pick ink up from the inking rollers therefore... This manner the difference between litho and gravure printing benefit of using offset vs. gravure is often a matter page. Weblithograph is an antiquated printmaking process using flat stones or metal plates same type of it to! Depends heavily on the plate become the ink supply to maintain the color plate is constantly scraped clean with four-page. As negatives on film relief plates used in lithography, gravure, and printing! At least difference between litho and gravure printing basic methodology and main assumptions therefore not as smooth coated. Enforce the DMCA-act so stealing content and pretending it is yours can lead to getting account! Understand how those words are related the most up-to-date industry information, visit www.CatalogAgemag.com of gravure. Also for newspapers type of stock throughout and materials to produce high contrast images on.. ( water loving ), and synonyms to better understand how those words are related screen!, primarily prints from engraved cylinders characteristics or inks non-image areas of the original engraver is evident! Dots making up an image can not answer your question on corrugated substrates requires an additional in. Typically mounted onto a variety of media substrates terms, Photo & Litho is to look at the of... You need accurate color reproduction across a range of different documents, you may wish to use same... Differentiate between similar looking stamps of chemicals, depending on the page dedicated to offset: more vendors which. Or at least describe basic methodology and main assumptions are each defined by differing physicochemical properties card printers best.