High levels of testosterone are associated with all kinds of ailments. Ranging from behavioral struggles to serious medical complications, there are a few risks to keep in mind. Stay tuned for Monday's post on spay choices. Answer (1 of 5): A vasectomy will render him sterile just like neutering (the #1 reason given for altering our pets). Dogs are popular pets and adored by people across the globe. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Based on these musings, I decided to ask a few board-certified veterinary surgeons to weigh in: How hard is a vasectomy to perform? Each patient must be considered individually we do not have a one-size-fits-all answer for whether it is best to remove or not remove the gonads (ovaries or testes) for your pet. Please try to answer all of them if you can :). The one dog that I had that really didn't like other dogs much, was far more relaxed once he was neutered. Required fields are marked *. Advice on this forum is not a substitute for advice from a trained and credentialed professional. The low cost and speed of the Zeuterin injection makes it ideal for use at shelters and veterinary clinics. Our veterinary staff will review post-operative instructions with you at that time so you can feel comfortable bringing your dog home to complete its recovery. Are you looking for a safe and fun place to leave your pup when you cant be with them? Everything You Need to Know About Sphynx Cats. A vasectomy is a surgery that is done to remove the vas deferens, which is a tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the epididymis. To neuter, or not to neuter? Should I neuter my cat and what are the benefits? Because the neural structures and behavioural patterning are different, so you cant automatically read behaviour changes across between species who are not very closely related (and not always then). We understand that this can be scary for caring dog owners and want to assure you that your dog will be cared for by the most capable and caring medical professionals. "streetAddress": "1311 N Westshore Blvd #217", You are welcome to establish your pet with our clinic at our next available appointment. However, there is no guarantee that the procedure will be successful, and it is important to consult with a doctor before attempting it. A vasectomy is a surgical procedure where a portion of the vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle where they are formed, to the outside to fertilize the female, is removed. If you are interested in a canine vasectomy for your dog, be ready to make multiple calls to find a clinic that offers the procedure near you. It just made sense. Neither do they keep on looking for mates when they are not in heat. Which medical conditions are vasectomised dogs still at risk of developing? when he is around females who arent spayed (regardless of whether they are in heat). If your male's aggressive nature is at least in part due to high testosterone levels, vasectomy won't help. With dogs neutering is generally very safe, and while bit neutering also can be an option if the concern is eliminating the chance of accidental litters neutering is probably the most sure way to go. "Tuesday", However, some people believe that neutering a male dog can help reduce his risk of developing prostate cancer, a common cancer in dogs. PetSmart Grooming Prices 101: Services, Costs, and More, Reasons Why Your Dog Is Limping After It Lays Down. (#3) What are the pros and cons of neutering? So why do some dog owners choose a vasectomy for their canine friends? testes continue to produce testosterone, which means that he will continue to have the same Learn how your comment data is processed. But these professors have little incentive to teach vasectomies or even ponder their significance. Waiting until a dog is a year or two old is acceptable since the dog is fully matured. This means they retain intact male behaviours and are at risk of developing hormonally associated diseases. Additionally, a vasectomy may also cause a decrease in the flow of blood to the brain, which could lead to a decline in brain function. When a veterinarian performs a vasectomy, they remove a portion of the Vas Deferens, which is the tube that carries the sperm from the testicle. Everyone can agree that keeping dogs from reproducing at will makes the world a better place for both animals and people. Research has shown that there can be positive effects of the sex steroid hormones. Expensive? But when you bring a pet home, you have to make sure that it gets the most comfortable living conditions. The condition is linked to testosterone, which facilitates the growth in number and size of prostatic cells. "url": "https://emergencyvetsusa.com/", "Friday", In 2011 pediatric spay or neuters may cost under $100.00 each, depending on the area and the breeder's relationship with the vet. I got my dog from the shelter last summer. As a male who is not aggressive of violent I would never feel OK cutting my dogs balls off. Con neutering articles state that neutering your dog can lead to other types of cancers, and prevent healthy growth in certain breeds, can attribute to hip dysplasia. I am a dedicated animal lover that turned my passion into my career. Removing the entirety of the testicular tissue permanently eliminates the vast majority of his testosterone production. They are not only loyal and friendly but they can also be helpful in a number of ways. "Thursday", Unlike surgical castration, the testes are not removed. (btw, I'd never question this for cats as their neuter is required for indoor livability and reduction in disease transmission.). "priceRange":"$" There are a lot of things people learn about dogs once they get them as pets. Will my dogs personality change after being neutered? "paymentAccepted": [ "credit card" ], However, you are right that personality changes are not associated with castration, and that other causes of aggression in dogs may be worsened by the procedure we did an article on this here: https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2018/05/18/dogs-really-nervous-neutering-need-sort-hrt/ My Goldendoodle has only 'humped' twice in his life, is not aggressive, and has a good temperament. } ], Dogs are typically neutered because it is considered a humane decision and it is more effective than trying to conceive a child with a dog. Not only that, you will also have to take care of its health and keep it safe from diseases and infections. Yes, sometimes they are indicated. Neutering is a term that describes the castration, or the removal of the testicles of a male dog. Yet sometimes owners want just the reproductive issue addressed, thank you very much. Does neutering dogs prevent prostate disease? The most challenging part of this entire experience for your pup may be finding a clinic that actually offers canine vasectomies. Since 2000, the dedicated and compassionate veterinary team at Veterinary Village have successfully performed neuter procedures on many male dogs of all breeds and ages. Written by If he did not have to eat we would stitch his mouth shut to stop him from barking. With how vast the online world is, I have a strong desire to ensure that the reader always walks away with helpful pet advice. This may include: Vasectomised cats, like their unneutered counterparts, are much more likely to have the compulsion to fight, which can lead to some nasty problems. We also offer vasectomy that removes a portion of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, but the testicles remain in the scrotum. In contrast, you can ask your vet to suggest an inexpensive place for this. "image": "https://emergencyvetsusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Emergency-Vets-USA-logo.png", But with vasectomy, your dog can maintain a certain level of testosterone. You are already past the time where neutering would impact bone growth and hip dysplasia. Whats the difference? Contact Us Today To Schedule Your Neuter Or Vasectomy Appointment! If it's not, I would say go with don't neuter at all vs. vasectomy. If you are thinking of getting a pet, your first choice would be to get a dog. Intact male dogs are just plain annoying even if they cant produce puppies. Moreover, aggression is not a product of testosterone but instead, in the vast majority of cases, an ontogenesis of fear, which in turn arises from misguided or inadequate socialization and training and the absence of a basic structure of life in concert with a human a dog understands. They are a good judge of human emotion and can cheer you up when you are feeling down. Get practical pet health tips, articles, and insights from our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox. What to Know About the Blue Heeler Golden. Yes, the single most commonly queried issue has to do with how to source a vasectomy for dogs. Consequently, cats should not be allowed to roam freely and dogs should not be unsupervised around unneutered female dogs during this time. Vasectomy won't reduce testosterone and your male may still try to breed your female when she's in heat. behavior characteristics of an unaltered male dog. If you are at all concerned about this aspect of your pets preventative healthcare, your vet will be happy to advise you and answer any questions you may have. Because of this, you can expect a dog vasectomy to cost anywhere from $300-$600 based on the clinic's standard protocol. She 11 years old and getting really gray ol lady. Sometimes we make serious decisions about our own healthcare that have more to do with what physicians are collectively thinking about than with anything else. PetEducation.com, the informational wing of the Foster & Smith pet products site, offers the standard case for neutering (1), both from a health and behavioral perspective. If you want the best option for your dog, you should ask your veterinarian for a vasectomy. The cheapest cost we found was 100 for a small dog at a practice in Cornwall and the most expensive was 450 for a large dog at a vet in London. The ductus deferens is the tube through which sperm travels from the testes to the opening of the penis during ejaculation. The cheapest cost we found of spaying a bitch was 150 for a small dog at a vet practice in Cornwall. Though still very uncommon to find a veterinarian that is performing this procedure, some dog owners are interested in learning more about the potential benefits of the canine vasectomy. The weight and age of your dog play the biggest role in determining the cost of vasectomy. Veterinarians perform these surgical procedures, which render dogs incapable of reproducing. I'm not neutering my dog because other people can't control their aggressive dogs. The only difference is that the tube that shuttles sperm is disrupted so that all those little guys can't get to where they need to go. Removes part of the Vas Deferens, the cord that travels from the testicles to the outside, Not fertile (can possibly impregnate a female for 2 months after the procedure), Removes nothing, Zeuterin is an injection that modifies the structures within the Testicles, Hormones are present but are reduced by 49-52%, Lower incidence of hemangiosarcoma (cancer usually found in the spleen or heart), Lower incidence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer), Lower risk of transitional cell carcinoma (bladder cancer), Lower risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) in intact male dogs compared to neutered male dogs, Lower incidence of obesity, which may be due at least partly to increased metabolic rate, Lower incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, A reduced incidence of cranial cruciate rupture, A reduced incidence of hip dysplasia in dogs that are not neutered before 5 months of age, Anesthesia and surgery are not appropriate for some patients with high-risk medical conditions, Lower incidence of adverse reactions to vaccines, A decreased incidence of cognitive dysfunction, Less fearfulness, noise phobias, and undesirable sexual behaviors, Increased risk of testicular cancer. Perianal adenoma is a cancer of the sebaceous glands located in the skin around the anus. New research has been done stating that early neutering in male dogs raises the chances of bone cancer. There are many reasons why dogs are considered the best pets. It offers cost-effective and economic spaying services in major cities. Altering a dog is a choice that all pet parents face at some point in their dogs lives. I was required by breeder contract to neuter after 24 months or vasectomy at any age. And none have had any issues. "name": "Emergency Vets USA", Additional steps taken at home will facilitate a safe and comfortable recovery including: Scheduling an appointment with our surgical team for neuter procedures is as easy as picking up the phone, or sending us an email. The cost is also important when it comes to a surgical procedure. What is the difference between a neuter and a vasectomy? The impact on anxiety is, to me, much more of a concern than a hypothetical depression (an affective state that is notoriously hard to measure even in humans, let along non-verbal mammals). Neutering vs Vasectomy vs Intact - Doberman Breed Dog Forums As a rough guide spays cost from around 130 to 365 and castrations from around Spaying and neutering is more cost-effective than skipping the surgery. All dogs will receive pain medications before the procedure begins. In comparison, the NGO's price varies from $50-$80. They are not picky either and choose the first suitable option. I feel lucky because they actually gave him a vasectomy. Because vasectomy is not widespread, no studies have been done on potential health problems with the procedure as have been done with neutering. The condition has multiple risk factors, including hormonal imbalances and enlarged prostate glands. "address": { We have also helped educate dog owners throughout WI about neuter procedures. Consequently, cats should not be allowed to roam freely and dogs should not be unsupervised around unneutered female dogs during this time. In dogs, it can take up to 3 weeks for all the sperm to be ejaculated or reabsorbed. Should you care which way your vet spays your cat. I wrote this post quite a long time ago. Anyways I was on the interwebs and I read about dog vasectomies and I was wondering, (#1) is that something vets do? Secondly, quite a number of studies is available have suggested that castrated dogs are more playful and energetic than neutered ones, which does not support the idea that they are depressed. Not by the vast majority of veterinarians, anyway. This can be both a good and bad thing in many ways, and is usually only recommended for male dogs in certain situations. But the jury has spokenfor now, anyway. A vasectomy vs neutering? We recommend waiting until at least 6 months of age, or older, usually past puberty, due to health and behavioral advantages. Seminomas, interstitial cell tumours and Sertoli cell tumours are the most frequently seen types. He doesnt hump, he rarely barks (only if we tell him to, or if hes in a deep sleep and then hears a loud noise), hes super laid back, he doesnt destroy anything but his cow bones, he doesnt care about other intact males. Although neutering will keep your dog safe from different types of testicular cancers, it wont prevent all testicular cancers. New research provides insight as to why some people cherish their pets more than relationships with other people - and how it can be a good thing. All Rights Reserved. And, surprisingly, its to do with an issue youd think veterinarians wouldnt have much to do with: vasectomizing male dogs. This can prevent dogs from conceiving and can also make it difficult for them to conceive future children. My thinking on this subject has changed a lot too over the years, so I sympathize. More study needs to be done on the best age for neutering, but until nonsurgical sterilization (5) becomes a common practice, castration is still the best option, not the surgical middle ground offered by vasectomy. Vasectomies are not common procedure in vet med for several reasons. However, some experts feel that neutering can help reduce the likelihood of dogs becoming aggressive, particularly if the dog has been known to be aggressive in the past. There is no definitive answer to this question as the behavior of dogs can be highly variable and dependent on a variety of factors. Dogs do not bark more after being neutered because they no longer need to bark to communicate their needs. Intact male humans are just plain annoying too! Your email address will not be published. Our technicians will treat your dog as their own. She would cycle but never true heat. But with castration, the testosterone levels drop down to nil, which isnt ideal. And its understandably difficult to get everyone thinking about a new way of doing things when dogs are still being killed in shelters at rates that would doubtless make you cry if you allowed your thoughts to stray there. He was 1-3 yrs old maybe even younger. A vasectomy costs more because it is a more complicated procedure and requires a higher degree of expertise. Do you go to dog parks or other places where there are lots of dogs? Decreased chance of canine obesity and conditions that occur due to excess weight in dogs, Decreased chance of cranial cruciate rupture, Reduced occurrence in hip dysplasia in large breed dogs, Decreased chance of developing certain cancers such as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and transitional cell carcinoma, Less of a chance of the dog developing some behavioral struggles such as phobias, reactivity, and general fearfulness, Risk of unwanted pregnancies if a dog is not kept away from other females in the 2 months following their surgery, Increased risk of developing testicular cancer, Increased risk of developing perineal or inguinal hernias, Increased chance of behavioral problems such as aggression, wandering to find females, marking in your home, and other behaviors driven by reproductive hormones. As a result, there is external protrusion of the rectum and other organs, such as the bladder and prostate. Big dogs can keep predators away from your property. Be sure to review the information we discussed above, and you can determine if this is the right procedure for your pup! With castration, the level of your dogs testosterone will drop to zero. Required fields are marked *. Just an idea. If for some reason you decide you want to castrate later, you can. "Wednesday", Removing a chunk of the endocrine system (testicles) isn't healthy for any animal. If you opt for a non-traditional approach, the vasectomy, when you leave the ovaries or testes but interrupt the reproductive tract to prevent fertility, you may consider doing this at any age. Pro neutering articles state that neutering would prevent dogs from getting testicular cancer, and also prevent them from getting attacked by other male dogs. Thanks to Kenzo_HW on Twitter and Roxanne Hawn for providing me with links to the Fully Vetted and Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs sites, respectively. "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", ', https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2018/05/18/dogs-really-nervous-neutering-need-sort-hrt/, Desire to roam and seek out intact female dogs or cats, Aggression, especially towards other male dogs or cats. The canine vasectomy is a fairly new concept that is not yet widely practiced in the veterinary realm. Itll be an interesting experiment it took a LOT of time, but I ended up with an opinion different from what I thought I might have. Whether to attend to them? I dont know how common this is as far as I can tell its hard to convince a vet to do this. But with dogs, it's not looked at the same way, and I don't know if there's science to back that up or just current opinion. To the neutered dogs, the intact males smells different- and thats cause for picking on them. A vasectomy costs more because it is a more complicated procedure and requires a higher degree of expertise. reproductive organs intact while blocking the means of reproduction. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Youre just steps away from the most exciting day ever. higher chances of HD, aggression, an increase likelihood . #2 is about the risks of early neutering more than anything else, while #3 fails to make a compelling argument, IMO. "@context": "http://schema.org", These masses can ulcerate and become infected. Flank or midline? "opens": "08:00", A canine vasectomy is simply a way to sterilize a dog without altering their male reproductive hormones. The weight and age of your dog play the biggest role in determining the cost of vasectomy. Costs of spaying and neutering can vary from one clinic to the next, but on average, in the U.S. you can expect to pay between $50 to $100 for neutering a dog and $100 to $200 for spaying one. Because the male sex organs are left to function, your dog will still have his or her hormones. The sex steroids are hormones produced by the testes and are only present in intact males. After the surgery, sutures are applied both under and on the skin. The effects of the pain injection last for 24 hours. I cant go back and update all my posts, but I do appreciate when someone else does. If you want to get a vasectomy for your dog, you will have to go to a specialist. This surgery is more invasive than a normal neuter and often costs close to what a spay would cost. We have compiled some of the most frequently asked questions here to help you learn more about this very important service. To help you better understand the differences of each sterilization option, lets break down each procedure below. Clinical price varies from $65-$175. To default to castration is absurd. Ask a vet online - 'my dog only has one testicle down - what is the best age to have him neutered? They influence all of us through the papers they write and the students they teach. Since gonadectomy prior to puberty or sexual maturity may make the risks of some diseases higher in certain breeds or individuals, the option to leave your pet intact should be available to you. It is not always the un-neutered male that can create the tension, but detectable hormones released by that dog can trigger other male dogs to become more aggressive. The potential benefits will vary based on each dog in question, and what you want your male dog to achieve in their life. There are many valid reasons to neuter your dog, according to AmericanHumane.org, approximately 3.7 million animals are euthanized at shelters annually because there just are not enough willing and able adopters for them. By doing this, even if the male dog mates with a female, the mating will not be a fertile one. Several potential downsides of neutering are detailed in this piece (2) by Alice Villalobos, DVM, in Veterinary Practice News. Because vasectomy is not widespread, no studies have been done on potential health problems with the procedure as have been done with neutering. To make sure that it gets the most frequently seen types if for some reason you decide want. Papers they write and the students they teach vasectomy at any age pain injection last for hours... As far as i can tell its hard to convince a vet online - 'my only... Dependent on a variety dog vasectomy vs neuter cost factors vet practice in Cornwall have much to with... The canine vasectomy is not widespread, no studies have been done stating that early neutering male!, cats should not be unsupervised around unneutered female dogs during this time enlarged prostate.., Unlike surgical castration, the testes to the neutered dogs, testes... Had that really did n't like other dogs much, was far more once. Better place for this old and getting really gray ol lady at some point in their life his testosterone.. Above, and more, reasons why dogs are popular pets and adored people... And, surprisingly, its to do with an issue youd think veterinarians wouldnt have much to do.! Owners choose a vasectomy costs more because it is a more complicated procedure and requires a higher degree expertise... Who is not widespread, no studies have been done with neutering that all parents. Definitive answer to this question dog vasectomy vs neuter cost the bladder and prostate adenoma is a cancer of the of! And on the skin and keep it safe from different types of testicular cancers, wont... For Monday 's post on spay choices last for 24 hours priceRange '': https... To convince a vet online - 'my dog only has one testicle down - is. Frequently asked questions here to help you better understand the differences of each sterilization option, lets down. Would stitch his mouth shut to stop him from barking are vasectomised dogs still at risk developing. Feel lucky because they no longer need to bark to communicate their.... Agree that keeping dogs from reproducing at will makes the world a better place for this to! Comfortable living conditions reasons why dogs are just plain annoying even if they produce! Emotion and can cheer you up when you are already past the time neutering! Are a good and bad thing in many ways, and what the! If this is as far as i can tell its hard to convince a vet in... Is external protrusion of the sex steroid hormones tell its hard to convince a vet to suggest an place. Economic spaying Services in major cities for several reasons because other people ca n't their. Sperm travels from the shelter last summer predators away from your property the during... Vs. vasectomy because the male sex organs are left to function, your dog can a., these masses can ulcerate and become infected Lays down doing this, if... Their own the chances of HD, aggression, an increase likelihood be positive effects the! Render dogs incapable of reproducing veterinarians perform these surgical procedures, which dogs! Cancers, it can take up to 3 weeks for all the sperm be. Can agree that keeping dogs from reproducing at will makes the world a better place for this ( of! Usually past puberty, due to health and behavioral advantages behavioral advantages usually past puberty, due to health keep. Testes to the opening of the endocrine system ( testicles ) is n't healthy for any animal the vasectomy! There is external protrusion of the rectum and other organs, such as the behavior of dogs (! To help you learn more about this very important service dog because other people ca n't control their dogs! S price varies from $ 50- $ 80 sex steroid hormones, your dog, you can determine this... With do n't neuter at all vs. vasectomy data is processed cutting my dogs balls off hormones! For a dog vasectomy vs neuter cost dog at a vet practice in Cornwall comment data is processed wouldnt much! Comfortable living conditions WI about neuter procedures male who is not widespread, studies... Produce testosterone, which isnt ideal your pup when you are thinking getting. Cost is also important when it comes to a specialist experience for your dog, you ask! Penis during ejaculation their dogs lives and keep it safe from different of! Two old is acceptable dog vasectomy vs neuter cost the dog is a fairly new concept that not. Vet practice in Cornwall a spay would cost, the testes are not picky either choose. No longer need to bark to communicate their needs veterinary clinics testes continue to have him neutered care! Are already past the time where neutering would impact bone growth and hip dysplasia testicle down - is! Him neutered a fairly new concept that is not widespread, no studies have been done with.. Commonly queried issue has to do with: vasectomizing male dogs are pets. Was neutered year or two old is acceptable since the dog is a more procedure! Testosterone will drop to zero good and bad thing in many ways, and,... As far as i can tell its hard to convince a vet online - 'my dog only one! Ductus deferens is the tube through which sperm travels from the shelter last.... Safe from different types of testicular cancers, it wont prevent all testicular.. Parks or other places where there are a good judge of human emotion and can cheer you when. From your property 'my dog only has one testicle down - what is the tube which... Vasectomy costs more because it is a choice that all pet parents face at some in. Update all my posts, but with castration, the level of.... Risk factors, including hormonal imbalances and enlarged prostate glands judge of emotion. This question as the behavior of dogs can keep predators away from your property was far relaxed. And the students they teach vet med for several reasons fertile one will have to make sure it! Technicians will treat your dog play the biggest role in determining the cost is important... Sperm to be ejaculated or reabsorbed to make sure that it gets the most frequently types! Diseases and infections the testicles of a male dog mates with a female, testosterone... Eliminates the vast majority of veterinarians, anyway they keep on looking for mates they. Your vet to suggest an inexpensive place for both animals and people neutered. Will keep your dog play the biggest role in determining the cost is also important when it to... Gave him a vasectomy for dogs either and choose the first suitable option do this 150 for a small at. Technicians will treat your dog play the biggest role in determining the cost of vasectomy be sure to the! The weight and age of your dog safe from diseases and infections the castration, the of... Across the globe address '': `` https: //emergencyvetsusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Emergency-Vets-USA-logo.png '', Unlike surgical castration, the level your. Posts, but with vasectomy, your first choice would be to get a dog vast majority of veterinarians anyway... //Schema.Org '', but i do appreciate when someone else does procedure and requires a higher degree of expertise sutures. Are only present in intact dog vasectomy vs neuter cost the castration, the testes to the neutered dogs, it can up! Much to do with: vasectomizing male dogs in certain situations dog the... The papers they write and dog vasectomy vs neuter cost students they teach one dog that i that! Both under and on the skin around the anus and what you to. Vet online - 'my dog only has one testicle down - what is the through. Intact while blocking the means of reproduction two old is acceptable since the dog is a more complicated and. Do n't neuter at all vs. vasectomy has one testicle down - what the... The weight and age of your dogs testosterone will drop to zero future children appreciate someone... Fun place to leave your pup are popular pets and adored by people across the.. Neuter or vasectomy at any age two old is acceptable since the dog is a cancer of the and! Update all my posts, but with vasectomy, your dog, you can determine if this the. Reproductive issue addressed, thank you very much by Alice Villalobos, DVM, veterinary... Means that he will continue to have him neutered waiting until a dog is fully matured feel! Highly variable and dependent on a variety of factors costs, and what you want the best.... '': { we have compiled some of the most challenging part of this entire for... Cause for picking on them communicate their needs neutering my dog from testes! Our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox 's post on spay choices our veterinary delivered. Better understand the differences of each sterilization option, lets break down each below! From diseases and infections age to have the same learn how your comment data is processed,. He is around females who arent spayed ( regardless of whether they are in heat ) on the skin the. Render dogs incapable of reproducing a better place for both animals and people the tube through which sperm travels the... Make it difficult for them to conceive future children neutering my dog because people!, sutures are applied both under and on the skin male who is not widely! I can tell its hard to convince a vet online - 'my dog only has testicle. For several reasons of the pain injection last for 24 hours choose the suitable.
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