How many Muslims are there in each European country? [11], Muslims form a majority of the population of the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in the Volga Federal District and predominate among the nationalities in the North Caucasian Federal District located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea: the Circassians, Balkars, Chechens, Ingush, Kabardin, Karachay, and numerous Dagestani peoples. Russia, the largest country in the world by area, had a population of 147.2 million according to the 2021 census, or 144.7 million when excluding Crimea and Sevastopol, up from 142.8 million in the 2010 census. says UK population data for 2021 (Representational image) . The first Muslim state in the future Russian lands was Volga Bulgaria[15] "When I was a kid, everything about religion was kept quiet" one Dagestan resident told the Los Angeles Times, "You'd say things like, 'have you washed yet today?' [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *]. This is firstly because Hindus are in the majority, and secondly because in the police in most states ( as well as in the Indian army ) there is an unwritten, secret rule to recruit very few Muslims. [8], The history of Islam and Russia encompasses periods of conflict between the Muslim minority and the Orthodox majority, as well as periods of collaboration and mutual support. The Cossack Ural, Terek, Astrakhan, and Don Cossack hosts had Kalmyks in their ranks. [115] Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the most populous city entirely within Europe, the most populous urban area in Europe,[114] the most populous metropolitan area in Europe,[115] and also the largest city by land area on the European continent. [20][21] However, Russian policy shifted toward weakening Islam by introducing pre-Islamic elements of collective consciousness. If the trend continues, the Muslim population could outnumber ethnic Russians within 30 years. By 2022 approx 20-21 crores or 15% of the population are Muslims In India. Insurgency in the North Caucasus continued until 2017. mi) Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. ; Russia ranks number 9 in the list of countries (and dependencies . *, In 1992 several Muslim associations withdrew from the Caucasus muftiate and attempted to establish their own spiritual boards. Predicting a Majority-Muslim Russia. The police and the FSB carried out mass arrests and used harsh interrogation techniques. Some Muslim ethnic groups have been among the most resistant minorities to becoming part of unfied Russia. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], Representatives attended from several newly independent Central Asian republics, from Azerbaijan, and from several autonomous jurisdictions of Russia, including the secessionist-minded autonomous republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Leaders in Dagestan have urged people to join together in a "single spiritual space.". The number of Muslim houses of worship in the U.S. also has increased over the last 20 years. [37][38] Napoleon's forces faced off against Kalmyks on horseback. The comments follow the beheading of a French schoolteacher for showing cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad to students. The Russian government, for its part, fears the rise of political Islam of the violent sort that Russians witnessed in the 1980s firsthand in Afghanistan and secondhand in Iran. (ed.). By 2030, the world's total Muslim population is expected to increase by 35 percent over its 2010 level, to 2.2 billion people. Only the old men know it. [100], Islam is the second-largest religion in Russia, and it is the traditional religion amongst most peoples of the North Caucasus, and amongst some Turkic peoples scattered along the Volga-Ural region. In 1665 Tatars were allowed to buy Polish and Lithuanian slaves from the Russians. Ivan the Terrible subjugated the Tatars and forcibly converted[citation needed] some of them to Christianity. [11] Subsequently, the nation has an ageing population, with the median age of the country being 40.3 years. From the early 16th century up to including the 19th century, all of Transcaucasia and southern Dagestan was ruled by various successive Iranian empires (the Safavids, Afsharids, and the Qajars), and their geopolitical and ideological neighboring arch-rivals, on the other hand, the Ottoman Turks. Copies of the Quran (Koran) are readily available, and many mosques are being built in regions with large Muslim populations. [108], Russia has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 1718. ", "The North Caucasus Bilingualism and Language Identity", "Usage statistics of content languages for websites", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, "Linguistic rights and education in the republics of the Russian Federation: towards unity through uniformity", "Linguistic Diversity In Russia Is A Threat To Sovereignty Or A Condition Of Cohesion? However, like Orthodoxy, Islam was suppressed during the Soviet Union, and many mosques were closed down during this time. In a few areas, notably Chechnya, there is a tradition of Sufism, a mystical variety of Islam that stresses the individual's search for union with God. ", "Traffic jams and desperation at the border as Russians flee Putin's 'partial mobilization', "Forced to fight your own people: How Russia is weaponizing passports", "Human Rights in the Occupied Territories of Georgia", "Russian rivieia: from Soviet sanatoriums to lush gardens, your walking guide to seaside Sochi", "Constraints on Universal Health Care in the Russian Federation", United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, "Healthcare in Russia: the Russian healthcare system explained", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Analysis of the Financing of Russian Health Care over the Past 100 Years", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Russian Federation", "Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? Muslims are followers of the religion Islam, who believe in and live by the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. ", All-Russia Population Census 2010 ( 2010), "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia", "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Russian Federation", "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation", "RUSSIA: Central'nyj Federal'nyj Okrug Central Federal District", "A 3-Hour Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis", "Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation", "RUSSIA: Severo-Zapadnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Northwestern Federal District", " ", Demographic situation in Russia in 19922010, Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications, The Regional Consequences of Russia's Demographic Crisis, Results of population policy and current demographic situation (2008), "Demographic situation in Russia and the role of mortality in reproduction of population", Choice between mass migration and birth rate increase as possible solutions of depopulation problem in Russia (in Russian), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Russia&oldid=1134089591, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from April 2022, Articles with spreadsheet file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with failed verification from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1.06 male(s)/female (male 11,980,138/female 11,344,818), 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967), 0.44 male(s)/female (male 5,783,983/female 13,105,896). The relationship between the government and radicals deteriorated. The Islamic Cultural Center of Russia, which includes a madrassa (religious school), opened in Moscow in 1991. Hundreds of thousands of "dark skinned" people from the Caucasus live in Moscow, many without permits. More than 58 peoples, nationalities and ethnic groups have historically practised Islam,Gaynetdinsaid. Experts agree that economic class and education levels, particularly of the mother, are the biggest determinants of fertility and hence population growth. In 2021, while economies were on the road to recovery, the ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia, which began in the first quarter of 2022, put the world economy in jeopardy once again. Its estimated population in 2022 is 145,805,944 * equivalent to 1.87% of the total world population. [37] In 2012, the Russian Federal Security Service's Border Service stated there had been an increase in undocumented migration from the Middle East and Southeast Asia (Note that these were Temporary Contract Migrants)[38] Under legal changes made in 2012, undocumented immigrants who are caught will be banned from reentering the country for 10 years. Immigrants and migrant workers from Central Asia, which experts estimate at six to seven million, are mostly Muslim. In the respective areas they ruled, in both the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, Shia Islam and Sunni Islam spread, resulting in a fast and steady conversion of many more ethnic Caucasian peoples in adjacent territories. In March 1999, Maskhadov closed down the Chechen parliament and introduced aspects of Sharia. [34] New citizenship rules introduced in April 2014 allowing eligible citizens from former Soviet republics to obtain Russian citizenship, have gained strong interest among Russian-speaking residents of those countries (i.e. Russian Army will be a majority Muslim Army by 2020. Rival Muslim groups accuse each other of being Wahhabis as a way of undermining them. Of these about 2 million are Azeris from Azerbaijan, 1 million are Kazakhs and several hundred thousand are Uzbeks, Tajiks and Kyrgyz. [10] As of 2020, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 71.54 years (66.49 years for males and 76.43 years for females). The entry for religion was included in the UK census in 2001. . [49], Russia has encouraged or even forced people in occupied or annexed regions to become Russian citizens, a procedure known as passportization. RUSSIA AND EURASIA Today "it is openly said that Russiais not only an Orthodox, but also a Muslim country. [83] The mayor of Moscow claims that four mosques are sufficient for the population. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[22]. [59], The principal cause of death in Russia are cardiovascular diseases. Russias Muslim-majority regions, including republics in the North Caucasus and the republic of Tatarstan, are known to have the highest birth rates in the country, similar trends worldwide. According to a US State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. The Chechen separatists were internally divided between the Islamic extremists, the more moderate pro-independent Muslim Chechens and the traditional Islamic authorities with various positions towards Chechen independence. MOSCOW (AA): Muslims will make up 30 percent of Russia's population by 2034, the country's grand mufti said Monday. New laws are in place that require worker migrants to be fluent in Russian, know Russian history and laws. [51] In 1995 the newly established Union of Muslims of Russia, led by Imam Khatyb Mukaddas of Tatarstan, began organizing a movement aimed at improving inter-ethnic understanding and ending Russians' lingering misconception of Islam. The number of Muslims allowed to make pilgrimages to Mecca increased sharply after the virtual embargo of the Soviet era ended in 1990. This contrasted with other places in Europe outside Russia where Muslims were not allowed to own Christians. [13] However, since 2020, due to excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's population has undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history. Major Islamic communities are concentrated among the minority nationalities residing between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea: the Adyghs, Balkars, Bashkirs, Chechens, Cherkess, Ingush, Kabardins, Karachay, and numerous Dagestani nationalities. According to US Department of State in 2017, Muslims in Russia numbered 14 million or roughly 10% of the total population. Central mosque of Karachaevsk, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. Russian data includes occupied Crimea and Sevastopol starting in 2014, Ethnic groups in Russia of more than 1 million people in 2010, Percentage of ethnic Russians by region in 2010. They are objects of discrimination and abuse and are often the targets of round-ups of "illegal" residents without residence permits. A study conducted in 2000 by the Cooperative Congregational Studies Partnership identified 1,209 mosques in the U.S. that year. Boulder, Colorado: Rowman & Littlefield Publ., Inc, 117145. Gaynetdin has told Anadolu news agency that t. Sheikh Gaynetdin said most Muslims in the country live in the Moscow region and other major metropolitan areas such as St Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. This includes the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine,[50] and South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia. Although Islam is a minority religion in Russia, Russia has the largest Muslim population in Europe. So the politicians see the Muslimswe are poor, we have no power. The trend of Russification has continued at different paces in the rest of Tsarist and Soviet periods, so that[citation needed] as of 2014[update] more Tatars lived outside the Republic of Tatarstan than inside it. [75] In 2010, at least 20,000 Russian Muslim pilgrims attended the Hajj, as Russian Muslim leaders sent letters to the King of Saudi Arabia requesting that the Saudi visa quota be raised to at least 25,00028,000 visas for Muslims. Minority groups", " ", "Moscow mayor: No more mosques in my city", "7500 Mosques Have Been Erected In Russia Since Putin Became President", "Moscow's Muslims find no room in the mosque", "Litvinenko converted to Islam father says", "On The Road | British investigators land in Moscow", Reasons and Consequences: Banning Hadiths and Seerah in Russia, onislam.net, History of Hajj in Russia from 18th to 21st century, Islam in Russia (History & Facts), onislam.net, Chris Kutschera - "The Rebirth of Islam in Tatarstan", Russia has a Muslim dilemma Ethnic Russians hostile to Muslims, Islam, Russian Orthodox Church Relations and the State in Post-communist Russia. [46] They were given a choice as to where to be resettled: in the Ottoman Empire, in Persia, or Russia far from their old lands. Ruling Russia: Law, Crime, and Justice in a Changing Society. [12] Moscow, the capital and largest city, has a population estimated at 12.4 million residents within the city limits,[113] while over 17 million residents in the urban area,[114] and over 20 million residents in the metropolitan area. [4][5] However, the populations of two federal subjects with Islamic majorities were not surveyed due to social unrest, which together had a population of nearly 2 million, namely Chechnya and Ingushetia,[6] thus the total number of Muslims may be slightly larger. The Friday pay of prayer was a work day and few women wore veils or head coverings. The new amendments also ban giving away Russian territory, a possible reference to Crimea. [68], Russia is a multinational state, with many subnational entities associated with different minorities. Mishar Muslims, Teptiar Muslims, service Tatar Muslims, and Bashkir Muslims joined the Orenburg Cossack Host. . The former is based on Bashkortostan and is led by Talgat Tadzhuiddon, who was a member of the Soviet religious bureaucracy. [111] There are ten highly prestigious federal universities across the country. Russia will continue to have the largest Muslim population (in absolute numbers) in Europe in 2030. 35. The Russian Opposition and most of the Russian population opposes worker migration. , 2000. [67], Russia had one of the highest number of confirmed cases in the world. The changing demographics mean that dozens of new mosques will need to be built in Russias largest cities, Gainutdin said at a forum hosted by the State Duma on Monday. Russia is one of the world's most urbanized countries, with roughly 75% of its total population living in urban areas. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a majority Muslim country with 96% of the population following Sunni Islam while a small minority follow Shiite branches. The rest of the world other than the Muslim world are silent spectators watching/ facing the beastly brute Muslims. Russian Shias are mainly Azeris and Tajiks from Pamir and they are small in number. 2005. [54], Russia spent 5.32% of its GDP on healthcare in 2018. After his death, his successor, Dokka Umarov, declared continuing jihad to establish an Islamic fundamentalist Caucasus Emirate in the North Caucasus and beyond. Hence in communal riots the police, which is 98% . The KGB watched over Islamic organizations. Many of the indigenous Russian Muslims are Tatars and Bashkirs of the Volga region and Chechens and Ingush in the Caucasus. In 13 of them in 2010, ethnic Russians constitute a minority: Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. There are a handful of Muslims that are ethnic Russians and Ukrainians and Belorussians, mostly young and educated. Salman Sadaev, who headed the Chechen People's Diaspora Foundation, told the Russian newspaper Kommersant in 2012 that there were perhaps 3,000-5,000 Chechens total in all of Ukraine. More than 3 million Tajik citizens were officially registered in Russia in 2021. . Muslim population growth dropped by 4.7 percentage points from 29.3% to 24.6%, while the Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain population groups saw even larger declines. In 1992, for example, Sheikh Ravil Gainurtdin, the imam of the Moscow mosque, complained that "our country [Russia] still retains the ideology of the tsarist empire, which believed that the Orthodox faith alone should be a privileged religion, that is, the state religion." This wave continues into the present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration associated with the invasion. [76] The III International Conference on Hajj Management attended by some 170 delegates from 12 counties was held in Kazan from 7 9 July 2011. Origin: Islam came to Russia in the seventh century. In 2021 Putin announced that some 20% of Russian aviation industry employees are Muslims. In one two week campaign in the early 2000s, 9,000 people, most from the Caucasus, were forcibly deported and another 10,000 left of their own. Sudan (39,585,777) Even though the nations on the list above have the most Muslims, several smaller countries have a greater concentration of Muslims than the larger ones. In 2022, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) found that 68% of Russians identified Orthodox Christians, 1% were Protestants, 6% were Muslims, 4% belonged to other religions, 20% had no religion in particular and 1% were unsure about their belief. [32][33] They were judged suitable for inundating opponents but not intense fighting. A Chechen refugee went to Red Square to meet his girlfriend and was slapped and stabbed through the heart by a Russian nationalist. In: Pridemore, W.A. The Russian army rounded up people, driving Muslims from their villages to ports on the Black Sea, where they awaited ships provided by the neighboring Ottoman Empire. Many mosques (for some estimates,[50] more than 83% in Tatarstan) were closed. In fact, many researchers project that Muslims will outnumber Christians by the year 2050. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, more than 300,000 Russian citizens and residents are estimated to have left Russia by mid-March 2022, at least 500,000 by the end of August 2022, and an additional 400,000 by early October,[citation needed] as political refugees, economic migrants, and conscientious objectors,[44][45][46][47][48] making a total of approximately 900,000. In Moscow, only one community is registered as Shia, he said. Therefore, if current trends continue, Muslims will make up 26.4% of the world's total projected population of 8.3 billion in 2030, up from 23.4% of the estimated 2010 world population of 6.9 billion. One skinhead who claimed his girlfriend was killed in the bombing of the Moscow apartments in 1999, which were blamed on Chechens, told the Washington Post, The Dark ones, I hate them. Given the demographic changes, Muslims will represent one third (the downward estimate) and half (the upward estimate) of the Russian population . [78][79] This problem is evident even within Tatarstan itself, where Tatars constitute a majority. [72] In a few areas, notably Dagestan and Chechnya, there is a tradition of Sunni Sufism, which is represented by Naqshbandi and Shadhili schools, whose spiritual master Said Afandi al-Chirkawi received hundreds of visitors daily. [4] This compares with a world population growth rate of 1.12% per year [5], and according to the World Christian Encyclopaedia, between 1990 and 2000, Islam received around 865,558 converts . It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world, with a population density of 8.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (22 per square mile). While Muslims in Asia have reached more than two-thirds of the world's Muslim population living on this continent. Germans, Poles, and Lithuanians were allowed to be sold to Crimean Tatars in Moscow. [8] Asia [ edit] " Russia's Turning Muslim, Says Mufti " is the startling headline in the Times of London today. Admission to an institute of higher education is selective and highly competitive:[105] first-degree courses usually take five years. Population of Russia in 2022 - 146 million or 14.6 Crores Russia has a population growth rate during 2020-2021 of 0.04 %. Encouraged by the Russian strategy of using the traditional Islamic structures and leaders against the Islamic extremists, there was a process of religious radicalisation in Chechnya and other Northern Caucasus regions. The Sreda Arena Atlas 2012 did not count the populations of two Muslim-majority federal subjects of Russia, namely. [82] The city has permitted the existence of four mosques. In 1980 Tazhuddin was made Mufti of the European USSR and Siberia Division. "Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security", pg. An interim Russian-controlled administration was imposed in Chechnya in 2000, headed by the ex-Mufti and, therefore, religious leader of Sufism, Akhmad Kadyrov. In total, Muslims will make up about 26 percent of the world's population, an increase of about 3 percent from today's level. If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails.com, please contact me. The Muslim Spiritual Authority is in the Caucasus, which acts as the coordination centre of Muslims in the North Caucasus. [7] The position of Islam as a major Russian religion, alongside Orthodox Christianity, dates from the time of Catherine the Great, who sponsored Islamic clerics and scholarship through the Orenburg Assembly. [56] Russia has one of the world's most female-biased sex ratios, with 0.859 males to every female,[12] due to its high male mortality rate. [57][58][59][60], Islam has been expanding under Putin's rule. The meeting's pan-Islamic complexion created concern in Moscow about the possible spread of radical Islam into Russia from the new Muslim states along the periphery of the former Soviet Union. Although history of Islam religion in India dates back to 12th century, the nation is currently home to over 10% of the world's Muslim population. In England there are currently 2,660,116 muslims which equates to 5.02% of the population and in the US, it's 3.45million (1.1%). [22] These elevated fertility rates did not lead to population growth due to the casualties of the Russian Revolution, the two world wars and political killings. 38", " :: ", "The Demographic Yearbook of Russia 2019", https://www.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/Popul2020.xls, "Russia trying to resolve demographic problem through immigration", "Immigration Drives Russian Population Increase", "The Caucasus Concerned over Born-Again Russians", "Uzbekistan: Minorities Taking Advantage of New Russian Citizenship Rules", " NEWSru.com:: : 3 , 4 "" ", "Russia reports surge in undocumented migration from Asia", "Illegal immigrants can be barred from Russia for 510 years", "The Backlash Against Immigration in Russia", "Some 500 illegal immigrants from Vietnam arrested in Moscow", "Fleeing Putin, Thousands of Educated Russians Are Moving Abroad", "Russia faces brain drain as thousands flee abroad", "Russia's Brain Drain Becomes a Stampede for the Exits", "Russia's war migrants find mixed reception in Georgia", "Who are the Russians leaving their country? Growth factors: Now 25 million people strong, Gaynetdin attributed the growth in Muslim population two main factors: the high birth rate among Muslim families, and throughthe arrival of people from Central Asia. [73] The Azeris have also historically and still currently been nominally followers of Shi'a Islam, as their republic split off from the Soviet Union, significant number of Azeris immigrated to Russia in search of work. 18111913 . The number of mosques dropped from 34,000 in the former Soviet Union before 1917 to 400 afterwards, Under Stalin, Muslim leaded were deported and sent to labor camps. [53][54][55][56], A chain e-mail spread a hoax speech attributed to Putin which called for tough assimilation policies on immigrants, no evidence of any such speech can be found in Russian media or Duma archives. Has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to.... 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Owner and would like muslim population in russia 2021 content removed from factsanddetails.com, please contact me residence. ] the mayor of Moscow claims that four mosques are sufficient for the population this includes the Donetsk,,! 50 ] more than two-thirds of the Prophet Muhammad needed ] some of them in 2010 ethnic! Group, the nation has an ageing population, with many subnational entities associated with the 2022 invasion. Fluent in Russian, know Russian history and laws Cossack Host are a handful of Muslims in numbered... 82 ] the mayor of Moscow claims that four mosques are being built in regions large... Present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration with... That economic class and education levels, particularly of the Volga region and Chechens and Ingush in the North.... Inc, 117145 ], Russia has a population growth than two-thirds of the Russian. 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